Pneumonics Flashcards
What are the most common enzyme inducers? (Decrease drug concentrations)
PC BRAS
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
Alcohol (Chronic excess)
Sulphonylureas
What are the most common enzyme inhibitors? (Increase drug concentrations)
AO DEVICES
Allopurinol
Omeprazole
Disulfiram
Erthyromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Ethanol (Acute Intoxication)
Sulphonamides
What are the most common drugs to stop before surgery?
I LACK OP
Insulin
Lithium
Anti-platelets/anticoagulants
COCP/HRT
K-sparing diuretics
Oral hypoglycaemics
Perindopril (or other ACE-inhibitors)
What is the pneumonic to help remember prescribing principles?
PReSCRIBER
Patient details
Reactions (drug allergies + reaction)
Sign the front of the chart
Contraindications to drugs prescribed
Route of drug administration
IV fluids (should you prescribe?)
Blood clot medication (should you prescribe?)
(anti-)Emetics (should you prescribe?)
(pain) Relief (should you prescribe?)
What are the common side effects of Steroids?
STEROIDS
Stomach ulcers
Thinning skin
oEdema
Right and left heart failure
Osteoporosis
Infection (inc. Candida)
Diabetes (commonly hypoglycaemia, uncommonly diabetes)
(Cushing’s) Syndrome
What are the common safety indications of NSAIDs?
NSAID
No urine (e.g. renal failure)
Systolic dysfunction
Asthma
Indigestion
Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)
What are the causes of SIADH?
SIADH
Small cell lung tumours
Infection
Abscess
Drugs (esp. carbamazepine + antipsychotics)
Head injury
What are the causes of hypokalaemia?
DIRE
Drugs (loop + thiazide diuretics)
Inadequate intake or Intestinal loss (diarrhoea/vomiting)
Renal tubular acidosis
Endocrine (Cushing’s/Conn’s)
What are the causes of hyperkalaemia?
DREAD
Drugs (potassium-sparing diuretics + ACEi)
Renal failure
Endocrine (Addison’s)
Artefact (very common - clotted sample)
DKA
What are the intrinsic causes of an AKI?
INTRINSIC
Ischaemia
Nephrotoxic antibiotics (gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracyclines)
Tablets (ACEi, NSAIDs)
Radiological contrast
Injury (rhabdomyolysis)
Negatively birefringent crystals (gout)
Syndromes (glomerulonephritis)
Inflammation (vasculitis)
Cholesterol emboli
What are some causes of a raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP)?
ALKPHOS
Any fracture
Liver damage (post-hepatic)
K (cancer)
Paget’s disease of the bone + Pregnancy
Hyperparathyroidism
Osteomalacia
Surgery
What are the causes of pulmonary oedema?
ABCDE
Alveolar oedema (bat wings)
kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Diversion of blood to upper lobes
pleural Effusions
