Pneumonia and Diarrhoea Progress Report:

Question 1

Who is the author?

Answer 1

International Vaccine Access Centre (IVAC)

Question 2

What are India’s achievements?

Answer 2

• achieved the global target of 90% coverage for three of the five vaccines
• completed the “100-day agenda” — an unprecedented national scale-up of rotavirus vaccine
• failed to reach all four targets for treatment- breastfeeding, immunisation, care-seeking and antibiotics, oral rehydration solution (ORS), and zinc supplementation.

Question 3

Which vaccines were considered in report?

Answer 3

Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) vaccine, Measles-containing-vaccine first dose, Haemophilus influenzae type B, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and rotavirus vaccine.

Question 4

What is pneumonia?

Answer 4

Pneumonia is a serious infection of lungs caused by various bacteria, viruses and fungi.

• sometimes even prove fatal. It affects people with weakened immune systems, older people above 65 years of age, infants and young children.
• Pneumonia can be bacterial(Streptococcus pneumoniae), viral(viruses such as the influenza virus) or mycoplasmic(Mycoplasma pneumoniae).->When these pathogens overpower our immune system, they cause pneumonia.

Question 5

What is first fully indigenously developed conjugate vaccine for pneumonia- Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine?

Answer 5

developed by the Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd,

This vaccine is used for active immunisation against invasive disease and pneumonia caused by “streptococcus pneumonia”

Question 6

What is Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO)?

Answer 6

The CDSCO is the Central Drug Authority for discharging functions assigned to the Central Government under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.
Major Functions:
Regulatory control over the import of drugs, approval of new drugs and clinical trials.
Approval of certain licences as Central Licence Approving Authority

Question 7

What is Drug Controller General of India(DCGI)?

Answer 7

DCGI is responsible for approval of licences of specified categories of drugs such as blood and blood products, IV fluids, vaccines and sera in India.
It comes under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.

Question 8

What is Diarrhoea?

Answer 8

high frequency of loose and watery stools

Question 9

How dangerous are pnumonia & diarrhoea?

Answer 9

29 per cent of deaths among children under age 5