Pneumonia

Question 1

State the common etiological agent for lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 1

Viral in origin

Examples:
1. RSV
2. Influenza A or B
3. Adenovirus
4. Parainfluenza virus

Question 2

What bacterial pathogens normally affect the newborns in pneumonia?

Answer 2

1. Group B Streptococcus
2. E. coli
3. Klebsiella species

Question 3

What bacterial pathogens normally affect the infants 1 - 3 months in pneumonia?

Answer 3

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 4

What bacterial pathogens normally affect the preschool age in pneumonia?

Answer 4

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus influenzae type B
3. Staphylococcal aureus

Question 5

What bacterial pathogens normally affect the school age in pneumonia?

Answer 5

1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
2. Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 6

What is the respiratory rate to define tachypnea in each age group below:
1. <2 months
2. 2 - 12 months
3. 12 months - 5 years

Answer 6

1. <2 months: >60/min
2. 2 - 12 months: >50/min
3. 12 months - 5 years: >40/min

Question 7

List the indicators for admitting pneumonia patients

Answer 7

1. Children aged 3 months and below
2. Fever (>38.5 degree), refusal to feed and vomiting
3. Fast breathing, with or without cyanosis
4. Associated systemic manifestation
5. Failure of previous antibiotic therapy
6. Recurrent pneumonia
7. Severe underlying disorder

Question 8

What are the antibiotic treatment for the following pathogens?
1. Strep pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus influenzae type b
3. Staph aureus
4. Group A Streptococcus
5. Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the supportive treatment for pneumonia?

Answer 9

1. Fluids
2. Oxygen
3. Cough medication
4. Temperature control
5. Chest physiotherapy

Question 10

How necrotising pneumonia and pneumatocoeles occur?

Answer 10

It is a result of LOCALIZED BRONCHIOLAR and ALVEOLAR NECROSIS