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GARY 121 > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Aspiration pneumonia results in all of the following anatomic alterations except

A. alveolar consolidation
B. destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane
C. atelectasis
D. inflammation of the alveoli

A

B. destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane

Emphysema results in the destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Pneumonia results in alveolar consolidation, atelectasis, and inflammation of the alveoli.

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2
Q

What term applies to the filling of alveolar spaces as a result of pneumonia?

A

Effusion

Effusion is the term applied to the transfer of fluid into the alveoli as the result of inflammation caused by an infection. An antigen-antibody reaction occurs during an asthmatic reaction. A concretion (also called a calculus) is the accumulation of salts in body tissues forming a stone.

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3
Q

the process during pneumonia when the lungs become firm and inelastic.

A

Consolidation

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4
Q

The expression “walking pneumonia” is generally applied to patient with what typed of pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

While people with Mycoplasma pneumoniae are sick, they are usually able to function well enough to walk about and do daily activities. The other types of infectious organisms can cause pneumonia so severe that the patient’s daily activities are seriously limited.

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5
Q

The most commonly found bacterial cause for pneumonia is

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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6
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes more than (?)% of all cases of bacterial pneumonia.

A

80%

The other organisms cause relative small percentages of pneumonia.

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7
Q

Secretions have a sweet smell and are green in color. What is the most likely organism causing her infection?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

This organism is frequently found in patients requiring respiratory care services.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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9
Q

A 75-year-old patient has had a stroke leaving him with dysphagia. What type of pneumonia is he at risk of developing?

A

aspiration

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10
Q

abnormal swallowing

A

dysphagia

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11
Q

_____ patients with dysphagia (abnormal swallowing) are at risk for choking and aspirating saliva and food. Food can block the airways, and stomach acid can cause a pneumonitis reaction. Pneumonia can result when mouth organisms are aspirated.

A

Stroke

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12
Q

A patient with the common cold and associated chest infection would be treated with all of the following

A

bed rest
ample fluids
over-the-counter cold and cough medicine

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13
Q

With rare exceptions, _______ are not indicated in the care of viral infections

A

antibiotics

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14
Q

As the respiratory therapist, you have given supplemental oxygen to a patient with pneumonia. What would cause the patient to be hypoxemic?

  1. Diffusion defect
  2. Capillary shunting
  3. Alveolar consolidation
  4. Hypoventilation
A

Capillary shunting
Alveolar consolidation

Because of hypoxemia, patients with pneumonia will hyperventilate, NOT hypoventilate.

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15
Q

(t/f) A diffusion defect is found in patients with Pnemonia

A

False

pulmonary fibrosis

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16
Q

A patient with severe pneumonia can be expected to have the following symptoms

A

chest pain
tachycardia
hemoptysis
cyanosis

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17
Q

When auscultating over an area of pneumonia, what breath sound can be expected?

A

Bronchial

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18
Q

What is another common name given to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Friedländer’s bacillus

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19
Q

Of the six types of Haemophilus influenzae, which type is most frequently pathogenic?

A

Type B

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20
Q

Which of the following is associated with Q fever?

A

Rickettsia

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21
Q

Mendelson’s syndrome is associated with

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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22
Q

What is the most common viral pulmonary complication of AIDS?

A

Cytomegalovirus

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23
Q

Ribavirin aerosol has been shown to be effective in treating children with

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

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24
Q

almost always the cause of acute epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

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25
Q

most associated with croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

26
Q

In the absence of a secondary bacterial infection, lung inflammation caused by the aspiration of gastric fluids usually becomes insignificant in approximately how many days?

A

3 days

27
Q

Which of the following is or are associated with pneumonia?

  1. Decreased tactile and vocal fremitus
  2. Increased C(a-)O2
  3. Decreased PEFR
  4. Increased VC
A

Increased C(a-)O2

28
Q

What kind of blood gas would you see in

MILD TO MODERATE STAGES

A

Acute Alveolar Hyperventilation with Hypoxemia (Acute Respiratory Alkalosis)

29
Q

MILD TO MODERATE STAGES

Increased or decreased?

pH
Paco2
Pao2
HCO3

A

Increased
pH

Decreased
Paco2
Pao2
HCO3(slightly)

30
Q

When tissue hypoxia is severe enough to produce lactic acid, the pH and _____ ? values will be lower than expected for a particular Paco2 level

A

HCO3

31
Q

SEVERE STAGE

Acute Ventilatory Failure with Hypoxemia

A

(Acute Respiratory Acidosis)

32
Q

Chest Assessment Findings

A
  • Whispered pectoriloquy
  • Increased tactile and vocal fremitus
  • Dull percussion note
  • Bronchial breath sounds
  • Crackles and rhonchi
  • Pleural friction rub (if process extends to pleural surface)
33
Q

Tactile Fremitus and Vocal fremitus

A

Increased

34
Q

Ausculation

A
  • Bronchial breath sounds
  • Crackles and rhonchi
  • Pleural friction rub (if process extends to pleural surface)
35
Q

Palpation

A

Dull percussion note

36
Q

Chest Radiograph Findings

A
  • Increased density
  • Air bronchograms
  • Pleural effusions
37
Q

pneumonia that develops more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation

A

Ventilator-acquired pneumonia

38
Q

pneumonia that develops 48 hours or longer after admission to the hospital

A

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

nosocomial

39
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia is estimated to account for more than __% of all respiratory infections

A

15%

40
Q

pneumonia defined as a lower respiratory tract infection that is acquired outside of the hospital or during the first 48 hours of hospitalization

A

Community-acquired pneumonia

41
Q

The most common cause of Community-acquired pneumonia is

A

Streptococcus.

42
Q

is the major pulmonary infection seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV infection.

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

43
Q

intracellular parasites possessing both ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Rickettsiae

44
Q

Gram-Positive Organisms

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus

45
Q

Gram-Negative Organisms

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

46
Q

inhalation of aerosolized infectious particles

A
  1. tuberculosis
  2. histoplasmosis
  3. crypto coccosis
  4. blastomycosis
  5. Q. fever
  6. legionellosis
47
Q

a lower respiratory tract infection that develops in the hospitalized patients more than 48 hours after admission

A

nosocomial pneumonia

hospital acquired pneumonia

48
Q

Why is it imporatant to classify the source of infection?

A

It helps choose the anti-biotic or medication

49
Q

Atypical organisms

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia psittaci
Chlamydia pneumoniae

50
Q

Viral causes

A 
Influenzavirus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Parainfluenza virus
Adenovirus
Coronavirus (SARS)
51
Q

Acquired pneumonia classification

A

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Nursing home–acquired pneumonia
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia

52
Q

Vital signs

A

Increased

respiratory rate heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure

53
Q

N or Increase

A

FEV1%

54
Q

N or Decrease

A

FEVT
FEF25%-75%
MVV
VT

55
Q

Normal

A

FEF50%
FEF200-1200
PEFR
RV/TLC%

56
Q

Down Syndrome

A 
FVC
 RV
 FRC
 TLC
 VC
 IC 
 ERV
57
Q

Mild to Moderate Pneumonia

A

Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia

58
Q

CT scan

A

Consolidation and bronchograms may be seen

59
Q

Respiratory care treatment protocols

A

Oxygen therapy protocol

Bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy protocol

60
Q

Medications and procedures commonly

prescribed by the physician

A 
Antibiotics
Analgesic agents
Ribavirin aerosol
Aerosolized pentamidine
Thoracentesis

GARY 121 (1 decks)

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