Pneumonia

Question 1

Aspiration pneumonia results in all of the following anatomic alterations except

A. alveolar consolidation
B. destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane
C. atelectasis
D. inflammation of the alveoli

Answer 1

B. destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane

Emphysema results in the destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Pneumonia results in alveolar consolidation, atelectasis, and inflammation of the alveoli.

Question 2

What term applies to the filling of alveolar spaces as a result of pneumonia?

Answer 2

Effusion

Effusion is the term applied to the transfer of fluid into the alveoli as the result of inflammation caused by an infection. An antigen-antibody reaction occurs during an asthmatic reaction. A concretion (also called a calculus) is the accumulation of salts in body tissues forming a stone.

Question 3

the process during pneumonia when the lungs become firm and inelastic.

Answer 3

Consolidation

Question 4

The expression “walking pneumonia” is generally applied to patient with what typed of pneumonia?

Answer 4

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

While people with Mycoplasma pneumoniae are sick, they are usually able to function well enough to walk about and do daily activities. The other types of infectious organisms can cause pneumonia so severe that the patient’s daily activities are seriously limited.

Question 5

The most commonly found bacterial cause for pneumonia is

Answer 5

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 6

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes more than (?)% of all cases of bacterial pneumonia.

Answer 6

80%

The other organisms cause relative small percentages of pneumonia.

Question 7

Secretions have a sweet smell and are green in color. What is the most likely organism causing her infection?

Answer 7

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 8

This organism is frequently found in patients requiring respiratory care services.

Answer 8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 9

A 75-year-old patient has had a stroke leaving him with dysphagia. What type of pneumonia is he at risk of developing?

Answer 9

aspiration

Question 10

abnormal swallowing

Answer 10

dysphagia

Question 11

_____ patients with dysphagia (abnormal swallowing) are at risk for choking and aspirating saliva and food. Food can block the airways, and stomach acid can cause a pneumonitis reaction. Pneumonia can result when mouth organisms are aspirated.

Answer 11

Stroke

Question 12

A patient with the common cold and associated chest infection would be treated with all of the following

Answer 12

bed rest
ample fluids
over-the-counter cold and cough medicine

Question 13

With rare exceptions, _______ are not indicated in the care of viral infections

Answer 13

antibiotics

Question 14

As the respiratory therapist, you have given supplemental oxygen to a patient with pneumonia. What would cause the patient to be hypoxemic?

1. Diffusion defect
2. Capillary shunting
3. Alveolar consolidation
4. Hypoventilation

Answer 14

Capillary shunting
Alveolar consolidation

Because of hypoxemia, patients with pneumonia will hyperventilate, NOT hypoventilate.

Question 15

(t/f) A diffusion defect is found in patients with Pnemonia

Answer 15

False

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 16

A patient with severe pneumonia can be expected to have the following symptoms

Answer 16

chest pain
tachycardia
hemoptysis
cyanosis

Question 17

When auscultating over an area of pneumonia, what breath sound can be expected?

Answer 17

Bronchial

Question 18

What is another common name given to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 18

Friedländer’s bacillus

Question 19

Of the six types of Haemophilus influenzae, which type is most frequently pathogenic?

Answer 19

Type B

Question 20

Which of the following is associated with Q fever?

Answer 20

Rickettsia

Question 21

Mendelson’s syndrome is associated with

Answer 21

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 22

What is the most common viral pulmonary complication of AIDS?

Answer 22

Cytomegalovirus

Question 23

Ribavirin aerosol has been shown to be effective in treating children with

Answer 23

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 24

almost always the cause of acute epiglottitis

Answer 24

Haemophilus influenzae type B

Question 25

most associated with croup?

Answer 25

Parainfluenza virus

Question 26

In the absence of a secondary bacterial infection, lung inflammation caused by the aspiration of gastric fluids usually becomes insignificant in approximately how many days?

Answer 26

3 days

Question 27

Which of the following is or are associated with pneumonia? 1. Decreased tactile and vocal fremitus 2. Increased C(a-)O2 3. Decreased PEFR 4. Increased VC

Answer 27

Increased C(a-)O2

Question 28

What kind of blood gas would you see in MILD TO MODERATE STAGES

Answer 28

Acute Alveolar Hyperventilation with Hypoxemia (Acute Respiratory Alkalosis)

Question 29

MILD TO MODERATE STAGES Increased or decreased? pH Paco2 Pao2 HCO3

Answer 29

Increased pH Decreased Paco2 Pao2 HCO3(slightly)

Question 30

When tissue hypoxia is severe enough to produce lactic acid, the pH and _____ ? values will be lower than expected for a particular Paco2 level

Answer 30

HCO3

Question 31

SEVERE STAGE Acute Ventilatory Failure with Hypoxemia

Answer 31

(Acute Respiratory Acidosis)

Question 32

Chest Assessment Findings

Answer 32

* Whispered pectoriloquy * Increased tactile and vocal fremitus * Dull percussion note * Bronchial breath sounds * Crackles and rhonchi * Pleural friction rub (if process extends to pleural surface)

Question 33

Tactile Fremitus and Vocal fremitus

Answer 33

Increased

Question 34

Ausculation

Answer 34

* Bronchial breath sounds * Crackles and rhonchi * Pleural friction rub (if process extends to pleural surface)

Question 35

Palpation

Answer 35

Dull percussion note

Question 36

Chest Radiograph Findings

Answer 36

* Increased density * Air bronchograms * Pleural effusions

Question 37

pneumonia that develops more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation

Answer 37

Ventilator-acquired pneumonia

Question 38

pneumonia that develops 48 hours or longer after admission to the hospital

Answer 38

Hospital-acquired pneumonia nosocomial

Question 39

Nosocomial pneumonia is estimated to account for more than __% of all respiratory infections

Answer 39

15%

Question 40

pneumonia defined as a lower respiratory tract infection that is acquired outside of the hospital or during the first 48 hours of hospitalization

Answer 40

Community-acquired pneumonia

Question 41

The most common cause of Community-acquired pneumonia is

Answer 41

Streptococcus.

Question 42

is the major pulmonary infection seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV infection.

Answer 42

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 43

intracellular parasites possessing both ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 43

Rickettsiae

Question 44

Gram-Positive Organisms

Answer 44

Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus

Question 45

Gram-Negative Organisms

Answer 45

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae

Question 46

inhalation of aerosolized infectious particles

Answer 46

1. tuberculosis 2. histoplasmosis 3. crypto coccosis 4. blastomycosis 5. Q. fever 6. legionellosis

Question 47

a lower respiratory tract infection that develops in the hospitalized patients more than 48 hours after admission

Answer 47

nosocomial pneumonia hospital acquired pneumonia

Question 48

Why is it imporatant to classify the source of infection?

Answer 48

It helps choose the anti-biotic or medication

Question 49

Atypical organisms

Answer 49

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Legionella pneumophila Chlamydia psittaci Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 50

Viral causes

Answer 50

``` Influenzavirus Respiratory syncytial virus Parainfluenza virus Adenovirus Coronavirus (SARS) ```

Question 51

Acquired pneumonia classification

Answer 51

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) Nursing home–acquired pneumonia Hospital-acquired pneumonia Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Question 52

Vital signs

Answer 52

Increased respiratory rate heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure

Question 53

N or Increase

Answer 53

FEV1%

Question 54

N or Decrease

Answer 54

FEVT FEF25%-75% MVV VT

Question 55

Normal

Answer 55

FEF50% FEF200-1200 PEFR RV/TLC%

Question 56

Down Syndrome

Answer 56

``` FVC RV FRC TLC VC IC ERV ```

Question 57

Mild to Moderate Pneumonia

Answer 57

Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia

Question 58

CT scan

Answer 58

Consolidation and bronchograms may be seen

Question 59

Respiratory care treatment protocols

Answer 59

Oxygen therapy protocol | Bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy protocol

Question 60

Medications and procedures commonly | prescribed by the physician

Answer 60

``` Antibiotics Analgesic agents Ribavirin aerosol Aerosolized pentamidine Thoracentesis ```