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Résidence - Pharmacology > Pneumo > Flashcards

Pneumo Flashcards

1
Q

Name class members of : Short acting beta agonist (BACA) (3)

A
  • Albuterol/Salbutamol (Ventolin)
  • Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
  • Terbutaline (Bricantyl)
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2
Q

Name indications : BACA (3)

A
  • Asthma (Reliever)
  • COPD (Reliever)
  • Bronchospasm caused by exercise or allergen
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3
Q

Name adverse effect : BACA (5)

A
  • Tremor
  • Tachycardia
  • Palpitations
  • Stress caridomyopathy
  • Metabolic distubances
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4
Q

Describe end result : BACA

A

Bronchodilatation

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5
Q

In emergency room, if bromchospasm not resolved with BACA, consider what?

A

Consider using BACA in nebulizer while monitoring patients

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6
Q

What should patients do in asthma exacerbation at home with BACA?

A

BACA Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) 2-4 puff (Repeat q 20min x 3 times)

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7
Q

Name class members : Long acting beta-agonists (5)

A

- terol
* Formoterol (Symbicort)
* Salmeterol
* Arformoterol
* Olodaterol

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8
Q

Name indications : BALA (3)

A
  • Asthma (Controller, but it must be used with ICS together)
  • COPD (Controller)
  • Formoterol only : can also act as reliever due to its short onset of action
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9
Q

Name side effets : LABA (2)

A
  • Same as SABA
  • Do NOT use LABA alone in asthma as it will increase the mortality rate
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10
Q

BALA use with caution with patients with what?

A

Diabetes
may cause an increase in serum glucose

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11
Q

Name an inhaler that can be used both as reliever and controller (1)

A

Formoterol-ICS
* Short-onset -> can be used as reliever
* Long-acting -> can be used as controller

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12
Q

Name class members : Antimuscarinique à
courte durée d’action (AMCA) (1)

A

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

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13
Q

Name indications : Antimuscarinique à
courte durée d’action (AMCA) (2)

A
  • COPD (reliever)
  • Asthma (only for acute exacerbation adjunct to BACA, off-label uses)
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14
Q

Name side affects : Antimuscarinique à
courte durée d’action (AMCA) (4)

A

Anti- SLUD
* Less Salivation
* Less Lacrimation
* Less Urination
* Less Defecation

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15
Q

Name end effect : Antimuscarinique à
courte durée d’action (AMCA) (1)

A

Bronchodilation

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16
Q

Name counselling points : Antimuscarinique à
courte durée d’action (AMCA) (5)

A
  • Proper inhaler technique cleaning technique
  • May cause dizziness, so avoid perating machinery when therapy starts until effect is known
  • If using a nebulizer, close eye to prevent exposing eyes to the mist
  • Report any eye pain, blurred vision or visual halo immediately
  • Counsel on asthma exacerbation plan
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17
Q

Name class members : Antimuscarinique à
longue durée d’action (AMLA) (5)

A
  • Tiotropium (Spiriva)
  • Aclidinium (Tudorza)
  • Glycopyrronium (Lonhala, Seebri)
  • umeclidinium (Incruse)
  • Revefenacin (Yupelri)
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18
Q

Name indications : Antimuscarinique à
longue durée d’action (AMLA) (2)

A
  • COPD (Controller)
  • Tiotropium (Spiriva) : Asthma (Add-on controller)
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19
Q

Describe asthma plan : Antimuscarinique à
longue durée d’action (AMLA) (2)

A
  • At home (adjunct to SABA), SAMA MDI 4-8 puff (repeat q20min x 3 times)
  • Stop when arrived at hospital
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20
Q

Describe caution : Antimuscarinique à
longue durée d’action (AMLA) (1)

A
  • Use with caution in patients with BPH, may worsen bladder outlet obstruction
21
Q

Name adverse effect : Antimuscarinique à
longue durée d’action (AMLA) (17)

A

Anti- SLUD
* Less Salivation
* Less Lacrimation
* Less Urination
* Less Defecation
_

  • Palpitation
  • Throat irritation
  • Other possible effects : dizziness, taste disturbance, bornchitis, closed-angle glaucoma (rare)
22
Q

Name class members : Inhaled corticosteroid (5)

A
  • Beclomethasone (Qvar)
  • Budesonide (Pulmicort)
  • Ciclesonide (Alvesco)
  • Fluticasone (Flovent)
  • Mometasone (Nasonex)
23
Q

Name indication : Inhaled corticosteroid (2)

A
  • Asthma (Controller)
  • COPD (Controller)
24
Q

Name adverse effects : Inhaled Corticosteroid (7)

A

Local side effects
* Dysphonia (hoarse voice)
* Topical candidiasis

Systemic side effects
* Impaired growth in children
* Bone density loss
* Osteoporosis
* Glaucoma
* Cataract

25
Q

Name end result : Inhaled Corticosteroid (1)

A

Surpress airway inflammation

26
Q

Name cautions : Inhaled Corticosteroid (2)

A

Use with caution in patients with :
* Decreased bone mineral density (may aggravate osteoporosis)
* Glaucoma (may increase intraocular pressure)

27
Q

Name counselling points : Inhaled Corticosteroid (3)

A
  • Proper inhaler technique, cleaning technique
  • Advise patients to use ICS every day even if symptoms are improved
  • Rinse mouth with water, gargle and spit out after dose, to reduce the chance of developing topical candidiasis
28
Q

Name class mebers : Antagonistes des récepteurs des leucotriènes (2)

A

-LUKAST
* Montelukast
* Zafirlukast

29
Q

Name indications : Antagonistes des récepteurs des leucotriènes (4)

A
  • Asthma (Controller, Adjunct therapy)
  • Exercise-induced bronchospasm
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Urticaria
30
Q

Name adverse effects : Antagonistes des récepteurs des leucotriènes (5)

A
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Abdominal pain
  • Montelukast only : Neuropsychiatric side effects (behavior and mood chance)
  • Other : dyspepsia, muscle weakness, elevated transaminases
31
Q

Name end result : Antagonistes des récepteurs des leucotriènes (1)

A

Relieve symptoms of asthma

32
Q

Name counselling points : Antagonistes des récepteurs des leucotriènes (3)

A
  • For montelukast, take it in the evening
  • Advise patients that this medicine cannot relieve asthma exacerbation
  • Effects should be seen after a few days
33
Q

Name class members : Antitussive (3)

A
  • Non-opioid : Dextrométhorphane
  • Opioid : Codéine, pholcodine
34
Q

Name indications : Antitussive (2)

A
  • Antitussive (Cough suppresant)
  • Pain management (Codeine and pholcodine)
35
Q

Name adverse effect : Dextromethrophan (2)

A
  • Dizziness
  • GI distress
36
Q

Name adverse effects : Opioid (3)

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Constipation
  • Respiratory depression
37
Q

Name pregnancy risk of opioid antitussive (1)

A

Opioid drugs can cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (life-threatening condition)

38
Q

Do not use dextromethrophan with what?

A

Do not use with SSRI/SNRI
It will increase chance of serotonin syndrome

39
Q

Name class members antihistamine - 1st generation (3)

A
  • Chlorpheniramine
  • Dexchlorpheniramine
  • Promethazine
  • Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Dimenhydrinate (Gravol)
40
Q

Name class members antihistamine - 2nd generation (3)

A
  • Cetirizine (Reactine)
  • Fexofénadine (Allegra)
  • Levocetirizine
  • Loratadine (Claritin)
  • Ketotifen
41
Q

Name indications : Antihistamine (2)

A
  • Alleric rhinitis
    Allergy management
42
Q

Name adverse effects : Antihistamine (1)

A

Sedation (mainly for 1st gen)

43
Q

Compare 1st and 2nd gen antihistamine

A

Compared to 1st gen, 2nd gen cross the blood-brain barrier POORLY, so it has minimal CNS effect and it is LESS SEDATING

44
Q

Name counselling points : Antihistamine (2)

A
  • 1st gen : Advise the patients NOT drive operate machinery since antihistamine will cause sedation
  • 2nd gen : Generally safe medication. Remind patients that although it is marketed as non-drowsy, for some patients, they will experience sedation
45
Q

Name class members : Oral decongestant (2)

A
  • Phenylephrine
  • Pseudoephedrine
46
Q

Name adverse effects : Oral decongestant (4)

A
  • Sleeplessness
  • Headache
  • Insomnia
  • Tremor
47
Q

Name C-I : Oral decongestant (1)

A

C-I within 2 weeks of discontinuing MAO inhibitor

48
Q
A

Résidence - Pharmacology (4 decks)

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