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CP2 > Pna > Flashcards

Pna Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of pneumonia?

A

Inflammation + consolidation
Inflammation of the VILLI leads to fluid red blood cells, leukocytes, macrophages, bacterial debris which leads to consolidation and eventually atelectasis

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2
Q

Epidemiology of pneumonia

A

Six leading cause of death and 65 and older
Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children

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3
Q

Risk factors of pneumonia

A

COPD
asthma
smokers
heart disease
diabetes mellitus immunocompromised

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4
Q

Etiology

A

Bacteria
Viruses
fungi
protozoa
parasites
irritating chemicals

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5
Q

Bacteria classified based on their shape

A

Cocci: staphylo or Strepto
Bacillus
Spirilla
Vibrio

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6
Q

Viruses cause pneumonia by

A

Depressing immunity leading to secondary bacterial infections

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7
Q

Fungi cause pneumonia by

A

Fungal spores cause inflammation which leads to cavity formation if I process which leads to ILD patients complications and HIV patients complications

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8
Q

Examples of fungal spores that causes pneumonia

A

Histoplasmosis
Coccidiomycosis

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9
Q

Classification of Pneumonia

A

Per location
per Clinical setting in pathogen

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10
Q

Per location classification of pneumonia

A

Bronchopneumonia
Lobular pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Double pneumonia
Walking pneumonia

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11
Q

Per clinical setting in pathogen classification of pneumonia

A

Community acquired typical
Community acquired a typical
Hospital acquired
Aspiration pneumonia
Chronic pneumonia

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12
Q

Bronco pneumonia affects what

A

Affects Sacramento bronchi and surrounding tissue

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13
Q

Lobular pneumonia affects what

A

Multiple segments of a particular long loop

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14
Q

Interstitial pneumonia affects what

A

Limited to the interstitium, diffuse usually mycoplasma, viruses

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15
Q

Double pneumonia affects what

A

Both lungs are involved

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16
Q

Walking pneumonia is also called

A

Mild pneumonia

17
Q

Two types of hospital acquired pneumonia are

A

Healthcare associated pneumonia
Ventilator associated pneumonia

18
Q

Clinical manifestations and clinical findings for pneumonia include

A

Fever, cough productive and non-productive, dyspnea, chest pain, hemptysis

Increase tactile fremitus
Vocal fremitus

Breath sounds

19
Q

What are the breath sounds associate it with pneumonia patients

A

Crackles, rhonchi, bronchial sounds, whispered pectoriloque, pleural friction rub

20
Q

Diagnostic finding associated with pneumonia

A

Plural effusion leads to empyema leads to thoracentesis

Bronchoscopy and drainage of abscess

Broncoalveolar lavage

Transbronchial biopsy

21
Q

The different treatment options for pneumonia

A

Supportive
Medication
Specific treatment

22
Q

 Supported treatments for pneumonia include

A

Oxygen
Nutrition

23
Q

Medication treatment options for pneumonia

A

Antibiotic
Antifungals

24
Q

Specific treatment options for pneumonia are

A

Surgical
Lung expansion
airway clearance

25
Q

Criteria used to classify patients as immunocompromise in relation to pneumonia are

A

HIV
Malignancy
Organ transplant
Opportunistic pathogens

CD4 levels (< 200)

26
Q

Examples of opportunistic pathogens in pneumonia

A

CMV
PCP
Myco
Avium
Aspergillosis
Candidiasis

27
Q

Ways to prevent VAP

A

VAP Bundle

Elevated HOB
Daily SAT
Daily Oral Care

28
Q

Causative agents for HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNA/ VAP

A

4-7 days admission

P. aeruginosa
MSSA (multiple drug resistant staphylococcus aureus)
E.coli
Serratia
Pneumococci
H. Influenza

29
Q

Treatment options for immunocompromised with Hospital-Acquired PNA

A

CP2 (8 decks)

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