PMP Flash Cards
1
Q
When does the life cycle of a product or service begin?
A
At its conception; it ends with its closure.
This cycle can begin with an assessment of the product or service from a business perspective (business need and benefit), continue with the hand off to operations and end with the discontinuation or completion of the product or service.
CHAPTER 2
2
Q
What is a product management system?
A
The aggregation of the processes, tools, techniques, methodologies, resources, and procedures to manage a project.
CHAPTER 2
3
Q
According to PMBOK Guide, what is a portfolio?
A
Projects, programs, subportfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives.
CHAPTER 2
4
Q
According to PMBOK Guide, what is project management?
A
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements. It is accomplished through the use of the five Process Groups (Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing).
CHAPTER 2
5
Q
What is a constraint?
A
A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio or process.
CHAPTER 2
6
Q
What is the benefit of portfolio management?
A
Better alignment of projects and programs with organizational objectives, with the goal being to maximize the value of the entire portfolio.
CHAPTER 2
7
Q
What are 4 types of organizational structures?
A
Functional (traditional)
Matrix
Projectized
Composite
CHAPTER 2
8
Q
What are the organizational characteristics of a projectized structure?
A
Project manager authority= High to almost total
Resource Availability=High to almost total
Budget controlled by= Project Manager
Role of the PM=Full time
Project management admin staff=Full time
CHAPTER 2
9
Q
Why is the composite organizational structure considered somewhat of a hybrid?
A
In this type of structure, one project may be organized in a functional manner; another project could be organized using a matrix or projectized type of structure. In addition, the composite structure could have a separate silo solely for PM working alongside resources from other silos who are also managing projects.
CHAPTER 2
10
Q
According to PMI, what is a process?
A
A systematic series of activities directed towards causing an end result such that one or more inputs will be acted upon to create one or more outputs.
11
Q
What is the difference between tools and inputs?
A
Tools are tangible items used in the performance of an activity to produce a result.
CHAPTER 3
12
Q
What are the 8 processes in the Executing Process Group?
A
Direct and Manage Project Work Perform Quality Assurance Acquire Project Team Develop Project Team Manage Project Team Manage Communications Conduct Procurements Manage Stakeholder Engagement
CHAPTER 3
13
Q
What are the 10 project management Knowledge Areas?
A
Project Integration Management Project Scope Management Project Time Management Project Cost Management Project Quality Management Project Human Resource Management Project Communications Management Project Risk Management Project Procurement Management Project Stakeholder Management
CHAPTER 3
14
Q
What Project Integration Management process occurs in the Executing Process Group?
A
Direct and Manage Project Work
CHAPTER 3
15
Q
What are the 6 processes of Project Scope Management?
A
Plan Scope Management Collect Requirements Define Scope Create WBS (work breakdown structure) Validate Scope Control Scope
CHAPTER 3
16
Q
Which Project Time Management processes occur in the Planning Process Group?
A
Plan Schedule Management Define Activities Sequence Activities Estimate Activity Resources Estimate Activity Duration Develop Schedule
CHAPTER 3
17
Q
Which Project Cost Management process occurs in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
A
Control Costs
CHAPTER 3
18
Q
Which Project Quality Management process occurs in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
A
Control Quality
CHAPTER 3
19
Q
Which Project Communications Management process occurs in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
A
Control Communications
CHAPTER 3
20
Q
What are the 4 processes of Project Procurement Management?
A
Plan Procurement Management
Conduct Procurements
Control Procurements
Close Procurements
CHAPTER 3
21
Q
Which 4 groups of people does the Project Management Institute Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct apply to?
A
All PMI Members
Nonmembers who hold a PMI Certification
Nonmembers who apply for a PMI certification
Nonmembers who serve PMI in a volunteer capacity
CHAPTER 3
22
Q
What do mandatory standards describe?
A
Firm Requirements
CHAPTER 3
23
Q
How would you best describe the aspirational requirement related to responsibility?
A
Doing what you say you will do
CHAPTER 3
24
Q
How would you best describe the aspirational requirement related to fairness?
A
Demonstrating complete transparency in your decision making process
CHAPTER 3
25
What are the Project Integration Management processes and in which Process Group does each process fit?
Develop Project Charter=Initiating
Develop Project Management Plan=Planning
Direct and Manage Project Work=Executing
Monitor and Control Project Work=Monitoring and Controlling
Perform Integrated Change Control=Monitoring and Controlling
Close Project or Phase=Closing
CHAPTER 4
26
What is the primary deliverable of the Develop Project Charter process?
The project charter
CHAPTER 4
27
When does Close Project or Phase occur?
When the work of the project or phase is complete.
When the work stops (before the work is complete).
CHAPTER 4
28
What is the definition of a Statement of Work?
A narrative description of the products, services or results or services to be delivered by the project.
CHAPTER 4
29
What is the term for "an intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan"?
Corrective Action
CHAPTER 4
30
Which important project document is described by the following statement?
"A document, or collection of documents, created by the project manager based on input from the project team, stakeholders, management, and others, that is used to manage the project"
The project management team
CHAPTER 4
31
What are the 5 inputs to Develop Project Charter?
```
Project statement of work
Business Case
Agreements
Enterprise environmental factors
Organizational process assets
```
CHAPTER 4
32
What are the 4 outputs of the Monitor and Control Project Work process?
Change Requests
Work performance reports
Project management plan updates
Project documents updates
CHAPTER 4
33
When is a project considered successful?
When it meets stakeholders' expectations
CHAPTER 4
34
The project plan is the basis on which project work will be done and measured. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
CHAPTER 5
35
What does scope creep not add to a project?
Value
CHAPTER 5
36
How does PMBOK Guide define verification?
The evaluation of whether or not a product, service or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. It is often an internal process.
Contrast with validation.
CHAPTER 5
37
What are the 2 tools and techniques of the Create WBS process?
Decomposition
Expert judgement
CHAPTER 5
38
What are the 6 Project Time Management processes and which Process Groups do they fit in?
```
Define Activities=Planning
Sequence Activities=Planning
Estimate Activity Resources=Planning
Estimate Activity Durations=Planning
Develop Schedule=Planning
Control Schedule=Monitoring and Controlling
```
Chapter 6
39
What is meant by the terms "lead" and "lag"?
Lead=the amount if time whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity.
Lag=the amount of time whereby a successor activity is required to be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity
Chapter 6
40
What are the characteristics of the project schedule?
It is calendar based
It has resources assigned
It is signed off as part of the project management plan
It forms the basis for measuring schedule performance
Chapter 6
41
What are the 4 types of dependencies or precedence relationships?
Finish to start
Finish to finish
Start to start
Start to finish
42
Which activities have no slack or float?
Typically, the activities on the critical path have no float or slack; therefore, the project manager needs to watch these activities more closely than other that have float or scheduling flexibility.
Chapter 6
43
What are the 4 inputs for the Define Activities process?
Schedule management plan
Scope baseline
Enterprise environmental factors
Organizational process assets
Chapter 6
44
What are the 3 outputs of the Define Activities process?
Activity list
Activity attributes
Milestone list
Chapter 6
45
What is the formula for the three point estimate, PERT?
Te=(To+4Tm+Tp)/6
Chapter 6
46
What is reserve analysis?
An analytical technique to determine the essential features and relationships of components in the project management plan to establish a reserve for the schedule, duration, budget, estimated cost, or funds for a project.
Chapter 6
47
What is the Estimate Costs process?
The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities.
Chapter 7
48
What is analogous estimating?
A technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a reject using historical data from a similar activity or project.
Chapter 7
49
What are the 3 PERT estimates?
Most likely (Cm)
Optimistic (Co)
Pessimistic (Cp)
Chapter 7
50
What are 4 of the different ways to determine EV?
Fixed formula rule
Weighted milestones
Apportioned effort
Percent complete
Chapter 7
51
In the initiation phase, what is the cost estimate called?
| What is its range?
ROM(rough order of magnitude)
| Range=-25% to +75%
52
What are the 7 inputs to the Estimate Costs process?
```
Cost management plan
Human resource management plan
Scope baseline
Project schedule
Risk register
Enterprise environmental factors
Organizational process assets
```
Chapter 7
53
What are the 3 outputs of the Determine Budget process?
Cost baseline
Project funding requirements
Project documents updates
Chapter 7
54
What are the 10 tools and techniques for Estimate Costs?
```
Expert judgment
Analogous estimating
Parametric estimating
Bottom up estimating
Three point estimating
Reserve analysis
Cost of quality
Project management software
Vendor bid analysis
Group decision making techniques
```
Chapter 7
55
What is PV(planned value)?
The authorized budget assigned to schedule work
Chapter 7
56
What does the term ETC mean?
Estimate to complete
Chapter 7
57
What are the formulas SV(schedule variance) and CV(cost variance)?
SV=EV-PV
CV=EV-AC
chapter 7
58
What is the general form of the EAC formula?
EAC=AC+ETC
Chapter 7
59
What is the TCPI (to complete performance index) formula when the BAC is still achievable?
TCPI= BAC-EV/BAC-AC
Chapter 7
60
What are the 3 processes of Project Quality Management?
Plan quality management
Perform quality assurance
Control quality
Chapter 8
61
What is the difference between validation and verification?
Validation is the assurance that a product, service, or system meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders.
Verification is the evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition.
Chapter 8
62
What is attribute sampling?
Method of measuring quality that consists of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration. After each unit is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it, or inspect another unit.
Chapter 8
63
What is accuracy?
An assessment of correctness
Chapter 8
64
What are the 4 processes of Project Human Resource Management?
Plan Human Resource Management
Acquire Project Team
Develop Project Team
Manage Project Team
Chapter 9
65
What information does the RAM show?
Who is responsible to do the work (but not when the work should be completed)
Chapter 9
66
What types of activities are involved in networking?
Meetings, correspondence, and informal conversations
Chapter 9
67
PMBOK notes that special consideration should be given to the process of releasing resources once their project work is complete. Why?
To lower costs by better defining when and how team members will be released, as well as to help with team member uncertainty about their future after the project
Chapter 9
68
What are the HR responsibilities of the project manager?
Creating role and responsibility assignments
Developing a staff management plan
Publishing an org chart
Creating job descriptions
Identifying and fulfilling training needs
Negotiating for team resources
Creating a team directory
Identifying and providing team-building activities
Providing in out to project staff performance appraisals
Managing meetings
Chapter 9
69
Which factor enables the project managers expert authority to influence stakeholders?
The project managers knowledge or expertise in both project management and technical areas
Chapter 9
70
What is the purpose of a war room?
Serves as a common meeting room where team members can exchange information
Chapter 9
71
What is Herzogs Hygiene Theory say about the hygiene factors?
It states that if the hygiene factors are met, people are neutral but not motivated. Poor hygiene factors are demotivating, but improving hygiene factors typically will not increase motivation.
Chapter 9
72
What is McGregors theory Y?
Theory Y assumes that people want to achieve, are creative, will work on their own, and will do a good job given the right motivation. Theory Y managers believe in participative management, providing support, and showing concern for their teams.
Chapter 9
73
What is involved in the Manage Project Team process?
Tracking team members performance
Dealing with conflict
Handling changes and issues by both the project managers and the team
Chapter 9
74
According to the PMI, what are some sources of conflict?
Scarce resources
Scheduling priorities
Personal work styles
Chapter 9
75
What does proper Human resource management mean?
Making effective use of everyone involved with the project, including the project team, sponsors, customers, contractors and other stakeholders
Chapter 9
76
What is team building?
Getting a temporary group of people together and getting them to work together
Chapter 9
77
What tools are involved in the Develop Project Team process?
```
Interpersonal skills
Training.team building activities
Ground rules
Colocation
Recognition and rewards
Personnel assessment tools
```
Chapter 9
78
What do the Project Communications Management processes ensure?
Timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and disposition of project information
Chapter 10
79
What does effective communication mean?
That the information is provided in the right format, at the right time, and with the right impact
Chapter 10
80
As part of the communication process, what is the sender responsible for?
Making the information clear
Making the information complete
Confirming that the information is properly understood
Chapter 10
81
What is the senders responsibility in communication?
To make the message clear and complete, and to confirm that it is properly understood
Chapter 10
82
What is the risk of not expending project resources in communicating information?
Project failure
Chapter 10
83
What are the 5 tools and techniques used in the Plan Communications Management process?
```
Communication requirements analysis
Communication technology
Communication models
Communications methods
Meetings
```
Chapter 10
84
What are the 4 outputs from the Manage communications process?
Project communications
Project management plan updates
Project documents updates
Organizational process assets updates
Chapter 10
85
What are the 5 inputs to the control communications process?
```
Project management plan
Project communications
Issue log
Work performance data
Organizational process assets
```
Chapter 10
86
What is the formula for the potential lines of communication channels?
Potential lines = N(N-1)/2 where N=stakeholders involved
Chapter 10
87
What are some elements of a communications management plan
*stakeholder communication requirements
*information to be communicated
*reason for distribution of info
*time frame and frequency
*person responsible for communicating
*pearson responsible for authorizing communication
*person/groups who will receive communication
*methods or tech used to convey
*resources allocated
*escalation process
*method for updating
*glossary of common terminology
*flow chart
*constraints
CHAPTER 10
88
What are the overall characteristics of matrix structures
*Overall focus-Operations and projects
*Authority-two bosses: functional manager and project manager
*manager focus-project manager: control of projects
*Employee focus-Split between projects and operations
CHAPTER 2
89
What are the organizational characteristics of a functional structure?
*Project manager authority-Little or none
*Resource availability-Little or none
*Budget controlled by-Functional Manager
*Role of project manager-Part time
*Project management administrative staff-Part time
CHAPTER 2
90
What are tools and techniques?
Actions applied to the inputs to create outputs; examples of tools and techniques are measuring, planning, applying a skill, templates, software, etc.
CHAPTER 3
91
Which Process Group do these processes belong to?
* Develop Project Charter
* Identify Stakeholders
Initiating Process Group
| CHAPTER 3
92
What are the 2 processes in Closing Process Group?
* Close Project or Phase
* Close Procurements
CHAPTER 3
93
Which Project Integration Management process occurs in the Initiating Process Group?
Develop Project Charter
CHAPTER 3
94
Which Project Integration Management process occurs in the Closing Process Phase?
Close Project or Phase
CHAPTER 3
95
Which Project Scope Management processes occur in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
* validate scope
* control scope
CHAPTER 3
96
What are the 4 processes of Project Cost Management?
* Plan Cost Management
* Estimate Costs
* Determine Budget
* Control Costs
CHAPTER 3
97
Which Project Quality Management process occurs in the Planning Process Group?
Plan Quality Management
CHAPTER 3
98
Which Project Human Resource Management process occurs in the Planning Process Group?
Plan Human Resource Management
CHAPTER 3
99
What project communications management process occurs in the Planning Process Group?
Plan Communications Management
CHAPTER 3
100
Which Project Risk Management processes occur in the Planning Process Group?
* Plan Risk Management
* Identify Risks
* Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
* Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
* Plan Risk Responses
CHAPTER 3
101
Which Project Procurement Management process occurs in the Executing Process Group?
Conduct Procurements
CHAPTER 3
102
What are the 4 values that the PMI considers most important for the project management profession?
* Responsibility
* Respect
* Fairness
* Honest
CHAPTER 3
103
How would you best describe the mandatory requirement related to responsibility?
The duty to take ownership for the decisions you make or fail to make
CHAPTER 3
104
How would you best describe the aspirational requirement related to respect?
The duty to inform yourself about norms and customs of others and avoid engaging in behavior that others might consider disrespectful
CHAPTER 3
105
How would you best describe the aspirational requirement related to honesty?
The duty to seek the truth?
CHAPTER 3
106
What project document identifies why the project should be funded and how the project meets the business needs described in the SOW?
The business case
CHAPTER 3
107
Which project management process involves doing the work outlined in the project management plan to achieve the project goals?
Direct and Manage Project Work
CHAPTER 4
108
What is the responsibility of the change control board?
To review evaluate, and approve (or reject) change requests
CHAPTER 4
109
What is the term for the "person, or group, providing financial resources for the project"?
The project Sponsor
CHAPTER 4
110
What are the Organizational process assets?
* Plans
* Process
* Policies
* Procedures
* Knowledge bases
All are specific to and used by performing organization
CHAPTER 4
111
Is expert judgment an input, tool and technique, or output?
Tool and technique
CHAPTER 4
112
What are the 2 tools and techniques of the Develop Project Management Plan Process?
* Expert Judgment
* Facilitation techniques
CHAPTER 4
113
When is a project complete?
When formal acceptance is received
CHAPTER 5
114
What is the "initiator"?
The person (or organization) with the ability to authorize the project
CHAPTER 4
115
What does proper scope management mean?
That the required work, and only the required work, is bing done
CHAPTER 5
116
How do you define the project scope?
The work performed to deliver the product, service, or result with the specified features or functions
CHAPTER 5
117
What are the 2 outputs of the Plan Scope Management process?
* Scope management plan
* Requirements management plan
CHAPTER 5
118
What are two specific types of network diagrams?
* AON (activity-on-node)
* AOA (activity-on-arrow)
CHAPTER 6
119
What are some risks of crashing or fast-tracking a project schedule?
* Increased costs
* Unrealistic alternatives
* Communication challenges
CHAPTER 6
120
What is decomposition?
A technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts
CHAPTER 6
121
What is the purpose of a resource calendar?
To show when, and for how long, resources (such as equipment, people, and materials) are potentially available
CHAPTER 6
122
Expert judgment, alternatives analysis, published estimating data, bottom-up estimating, and project management software are tools and techniques from which Project Time Management Process?
Estimate Activity Resources
CHAPTER 6
123
What are the five tools and techniques for the Estimate Activity Durations process?
* Expert Judgment
* Analogous estimating
* Parametric estimating
* Three-point estimates
* Group decision making techniques
* Reserve analysis
CHAPTER 6
124
What are contingency reserves?
A budget within the cost baseline or performance measurement baseline that is allocated for identified risks that are accepted and for which contingent or mitigating responses are developed.
CHAPTER 6
125
What are the 4 processes of Project Cost Management
* Plan Cost Management
* Estimate Costs
* Determine Budget
* Control Costs
CHAPTER 7
126
What is bottom-up estimating?
A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower-level components of the work breakdown structure (WBS)
CHAPTER 7
127
What are the 3 earned value data points?
* PV (Planned value)
* EV (earned value)
* AC (Actual cost)
CHAPTER 7
128
What are the 4 constraints that might affect your cost estimates?
* Limited budget
* Required delivery dates
* Availability of skilled resources
* Organizational policies
CHAPTER 7
129
What is the usual method of showing the cost baseline and expenditures?
An S curve
CHAPTER 7
130
What are the 9 inputs to the Determine Budget process?
* Cost management plan
* Scope baseline
* Activity cost estimates
* Basis of estimates
* Project schedule
* Resource calendars
* Risk register
* Agreements
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 7
131
What are the 6 outputs of the Control Costs process?
* Work performance information
* Cost forecasts
* Change Requests
* Project management plan updates
* Project documents updates
* Operational process assets updates
CHAPTER 7
132
What is the EV (earned value)?
The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work
CHAPTER 7
133
On the perfect project (executed on schedule and on budget), what will be true relative to EVM at completion?
PV=EV=AC=BAC
CHAPTER 7
134
What is the EAC forecast for a project that has experienced a one-time anomaly, but the remaining work is expected to go as originally planned?
EAC=AC+(BAC-EV)/CPI
CHAPTER 7
135
What is the PERT formula for the mean cost?
Mean cost=Co+4Cm+Cp/6
CHAPTER 7
136
What is the Rule of 7 or the 7 Run Rule?
A process is out of control whenever 7 data points in a row are above or below the mean.
CHAPTER 8
137
What are the objectives of a quality audit?
* Identify good or best practices
* Identify gaps and shortcomings
* Share good practices within the organization or industry
* Proactively improve processes to raise team productivity
* Highlight contributions identified through the audit in the lessons learned repository
CHAPTER 8
138
According to Deming, who has responsibility for the cost of quality?
Deming suggests that 85 % of the cost of quality is management's responsibility and under managements' control
CHAPTER 8
139
What are the 6 Project Risk Management processes?
* Plan Risk Management
* Identify Risks
* Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
* Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
* Plan Risk Responses
* Control Risks
CHAPTER 11
140
What are the strategies for positive risks (opportunities)?
* Exploit
* Enhance
* Share
* Accept
CHAPTER 11
141
What are the main responsibilities of risk owners?
* Tracking their assigned risks
* Implementing the documented risk response plan if/when the risk occurs
* Monitoring the risk for changes in probability or impact
CHAPTER 11
142
Why are documentation reviews considered tools and techniques for Identify Risks?
Project documentation, including plans, assumptions, previous project files, and plans from past projects can be good indicators of project risks.
CHAPTER 11
143
How does PMI define risk?
An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives.
CHAPTER 11
144
What are the primary inputs to Plan Risk Management?
* Project management plan
* Project charter
* Stakeholder register
* Enterprise environmental factors
* Operational process assets
CHAPTER 11
145
Risk assessment includes which 3 risk management processes?
* Identify Risks
* Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
* Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
CHAPTER 11
146
What is the formula for calculating the risk score and how is this score used?
P x I=Risk Score
When performing qualitative risk analysis, calculate a risk score for each risk identified on the risk register in order to determine which risks have the highest score and should be considered by quantitative risk analysis and/or risk response planning.
CHAPTER 11
147
What are some other terms for "contract"?
* Agreement
* Understanding
* Subcontract
* Purchase order
CHAPTER 12
148
What is "procurement"?
Purchasing goods, services, or results typically from outside the organization.
CHAPTER 12
149
What are the 4 Project Procurement Management processes?
* Plan Procurement Management
* Conduct Procurements
* Control Procurements
* Close Procurements
CHAPTER 12
150
What are the 3 main types of contracts?
* Fixed-price contracts
* Cost-reimbursable contracts
* Time and materials
CHAPTER 12
151
What are some of the components of a procurement management plan?
* Contract types
* Procurement documents to be used
* Procedure for managing multiple vendors
* Processes for handling make or buy decisions
* Outline of requirements for contract WBS
* List of prequalified sellers
* Metrics to be used to evaluate and manage sellers
CHAPTER 12
152
Which factors are considered in a make or buy analysis?
* Cost
* Technical ability of the organization to do the work
* Capacity of the organizations facilities
* Available personnel
* Time required to complete the project
CHAPTER 12
153
What are some examples of source selection criteria (a tool and technique for Plan Procurement Management)?
* understanding of need
* Overall or life-cycle cost
* Technical capability
* Risk
* Management approach
* Warranty
* Financial capacity
* Production capacity and interest
* Business size and type
* Past performance of sellers
* References
* Intellectual property rights
* Proprietary rights
CHAPTER 12
154
What is the formula for price?
Price=Cost + Profit
CHAPTER 12
155
What are the 3 steps in stakeholder analysis?
* Step 1: Identify all potential stakeholders and their roles, interest, knowledge, expectations, and influence levels
* Step 2: Analyze the potential impact or support that each stakeholder could generate, and classify the stakeholders according to a defined management strategy.
* Step 3: Assess how key stakeholders are likely to react in various situations
CHAPTER 13
156
What is involved in the Identify Stakeholders process?
* Identifying all stakeholders
* Assessing stakeholders and documenting information about their major requirements, interests, involvement, and impact on project success
* classifying stakeholders based on assessment
CHAPTER 13
157
What is a stakeholder?
An individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project.
CHAPTER 13
158
What are the 4 inputs to the Identify Stakeholders process?
* Project charter
* Procurement documents
* Enterprise environmental factors
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 13
159
What are the 3 tools and techniques used in the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process?
* Communication methods
* Interpersonal skills
* Management skills
CHAPTER 13
160
What are the 2 outputs from the Plan Stakeholder Management process?
* Stakeholder management plan
* Project documents updates
CHAPTER 13
161
What are the 5 outputs from the Control Stakeholder Engagement?
* Work performance information
* Change requests
* Project management plan updates
* Project documents updates
* Organizational process assets updates
CHAPTER 13
162
What is the purpose of the process improvement plan?
Indicates how processes will be identified and analyzed toward enhancing the value of the process.
CHAPTER 8
163
What is precision?
A measure of exactness
CHAPTER 8
164
What are some of the organizational process assets that can influence the Plan Human Resource Management process?
* Organizational standard processes and policies and standardized role descriptions
* Templates for organizational charts and position descriptions
* Historical information about the organizational structures that have worked in previous projects
* Escalation procedures for handling issues within the team and organization
CHAPTER 9
165
What are some additional formats of a RAM that you can use to document team member roles and responsibilities?
* Hierarchical-type charts
* Matrix based charts
* Text oriented formats
* Other sections of the project management plan
CHAPTER 9
166
What kind of information does the human resource plan provide to the project manager?
Guidance on how human resources should be defined and brought on to the project, along with how the resources should be managed, controlled, and eventually released from the project?
CHAPTER 9
167
According to PMBOK, the staffing management plan helps projects managers deal with planning related to which type of resource-related issues?
* Staff acquisition
* Timetable
* Staff release plan
* Training needs
* Recognition and rewards
* Compliance
* Safety
CHAPTER 9
168
What is the belief on which the project manager's reward authority is based?
That the project manager can issue rewards
CHAPTER 9
169
In which Process Group is team building typically shown?
Executing
CHAPTER 9
170
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what is true about a person's level in the hierarchy?
It is constantly changing, moving up and down, depending on external circumstances.
CHAPTER 9
171
According to the Achievement Theory, which 3 needs motivate people?
* Achievement
* Power
* Affiliation
172
What is meant by a situational continuum in leadership theory?
That project managers adapt their leadership style based on the job maturity of the team members
CHAPTER 9
173
In a matrix organizational structure, whose responsibility is it to manage the dual reporting relationship effectively?
The Project Manager
CHAPTER 9
174
What is the view of the PMI regarding the collaborate/problem solve method of resolving conflict?
The collaborative/problem Solve technique for resolving conflict leads to consensus and commitment
CHAPTER 9
175
What is referent authority?
Authority that is inferred to the project manager by the team members
CHAPTER 9
176
What is a war room?
A room set aside for the project's use when team members are located in separate facilities; a common approach to colocation of the project team
CHAPTER 9
177
What are the multiple dimensions of communication activity?
* Internal and external
* Formal and informal
* Vertical and horizontal
* Official and unofficial
* Written and oral
* Verbal and nonverbal
CHAPTER 10
178
What are the 5 key components of the communication model?
* encode
* transmit message
* decode
* acknowledge
* feedback/response
CHAPTER 10
179
To distribute information effectively, which aspects of information do you need to focus on?
* sender-receiver models
* choice of media
* writing styles
* meeting management techniques
* presentation techniques
* facilitation techniques
CHAPTER 10
180
What does efficient communication mean?
Providing only the information that is needed
CHAPTER 10
181
How is a change log used?
As a comprehensive list of changes made during a project. This typically includes dates of the change and impacts in terms of time, cost, and risk.
CHAPTER 10
182
What type of information might included in detailed performance reports?
* Analysis of past performance
* Current status of risks and issues
* Work completed during the reporting period
* Work to be completed in the next reporting period
* Summary of changes approved in the period
* Forecasted project completion
CHAPTER 10
183
What are the 4 inputs to the Plan Communications Management process?
* project management plan
* stakeholder register
* Enterprise environmental factors
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 10
184
What are the 5 outputs from the control communications process?
* Work performance information
* Change requests
* Project management plan updates
* Project documents updates
* Organizational process assets updates
CHAPTER 10
185
What are the 2 kinds of risk?
Negative risks (threats): Can result in increased cost, lost time, or other detrimental results to the project
Positive risks (opportunities): Can save time or money or produce other project benefits
CHAPTER 11
186
What is the primary difference between Plan Risk Management and Plan Risk Responses?
Plan risk Management: The process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project
Plan Risk Responses: The process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to project objectives
CHAPTER 11
187
What is the difference between secondary risks and residual risks?
Secondary: A risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response
Residual: A risk that remains after risk responses have been implemented
CHAPTER 11
188
What is impact?
The consequences to the project if an event occurs
CHAPTER 11
189
What is the primary output of Identify Risks?
The risk register
CHAPTER 11
190
Risk probability and impact assessment, probability and impact matrix, risk data quality assessment, risk categorization, risk urgency assessment, and expert judgment are tools and techniques for which Project Risk Management process?
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
CHAPTER 11
191
What are some other terms for "seller"?
* Contractor
* Subcontractor
* Vendor
* Supplier
* Service provider
CHAPTER 12
192
What is a "teaming agreement"?
A legal, contractual agreement between two or more entities to form a partnership or joint venture
CHAPTER 12
193
What are 2 noncompetitive forms of procurement?
Sole Source: There is only one provider of the needed service or project
Single Source: There are multiple sources from which the buyer selects one, based upon various reasons or criteria
CHAPTER 12
194
What are the characteristics of a cost-reimbursable contract?
* The seller is reimbursed for actual costs, plus a profit
* The buyer has the greatest risk for price unless a ceiling is established on cost and/or price.
* It is used when there is uncertainty about the project or when the buyer is looking for a solution rather than a specified product
* Incentives or penalties can be included
CHAPTER 12
195
Which types of items or work should not be contracted out?
* Innovative products
* Trade secrets
* High Profile products
* Products that require strict quality control
CHAPTER 12
196
Contract change control system, procurement performance reviews, inspection and audits, performance reporting, payment systems, claims administration, and records management system are tools and techniques for which Project Procurement Management process?
Control Procurements
CHAPTER 12
197
List 8 items of information the stakeholder management plan often provides.
* desired and current engagement levels of key stakeholders
* Scope and impact of change to stakeholders
* Identified interrelationships
* Stakeholder communication requirements
* Information to be distributed to stakeholders
* Reason for the distribution of that information
* Time frame and frequency for the distribution of required information
* Method for updating and refining the stakeholder management
CHAPTER 13
198
What are the management skills that the project manager might apply when managing stakeholder engagement?
* facilitating consensus
* Influencing people
* Negotiating agreements
* Modifying organizational behavior
CHAPTER 13
199
What is a key stakeholder?
A stakeholder who is in a decision-making or management role who is impacted by the project's outcome?
CHAPTER 13
200
What is the output from the Identify Stakeholders process?
Stakeholder register
CHAPTER 13
201
What are the 5 outputs from the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process?
* Issue log
* Change requests
* Project management plan updates
* Project documents updates
* Organizational process assets updates
CHAPTER 13
202
What are the 4 inputs of the Control Stakeholder Engagement process?
* Project management plan
* Issue log
* Work performance data
* Project documents
CHAPTER 13
203
What are the 5 Process Groups in PMBOK?
* Initiating
* Planning
* Executing
* Monitoring and Controlling
* Closing
204
What are the 11 processes in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
* Monitor and Control Project Work
* Perform Integrated Change Control
* Validate Scope
* Control Scope
* Control Schedule
* Control Costs
* Control Quality
* Control Communications
* Control Risks
* Control Procurements
* Control Stakeholder Engagement
CHAPTER 3
205
Which Project Integration Management processes occur in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
* Monitor and Control Project Work
* Perform Integrated Change Control
CHAPTER 3
206
What are the 6 processes of Project Integration Management?
* Develop Project Charter
* Develop Project Management PLan
* Direct and Manage Project Work
* Monitor and Control Project Work
* Perform Integrated Change Control
* Close Project or Phase
CHAPTER 3
207
how would you best describe the aspirational requirement related to respect?
The duty to inform yourself about norms and customs of others and avoid engaging in behavior that others might consider disrespectful
CHAPTER 3
208
Which Project Scope Management Processes occur in the Planning Process Group?
* Plan Scope Management
* Collect Requirements
* Define Scope
* Create WBS (Work Breakdown Schedule)
CHAPTER 3
209
Which Project Time Management Process occurs in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
Control Schedule
CHAPTER 3
210
What are the 3 processes in Project Quality Management?
*Plan Quality Management
*Perform Quality Assurance
*Control Quality
CHAPTER 3
211
What are the 4 processes in Project Human Resource Management
* Plan Human Resource Management
* Acquire Project Team
* Develop Project Team
* Manage Project Team
CHAPTER 3
212
What are the 3 processes in Project Communications Management?
* Plan Communications Management
* Manage Communications
* Control Communications
CHAPTER 3
213
What are the 6 processes of Project Risk Management?
* Plan Risk Management
* Identify Risks
* Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
* Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
* Plan Risk Responses
* Control Risks
CHAPTER 3
214
What Procurement Management process occurs in the Planning Process Group?
Plan Procurement Management
CHAPTER 3
215
What are the consequences for project management professionals who do not meet mandatory standards?
Disciplinary action
CHAPTER 3
216
How would you best describe the mandatory requirement related to Respect?
The duty to show a high regard for the resources entrusted to you
CHAPTER 3
217
How would you best describe the mandatory requirement related to Honesty?
The duty to understand the truth and always act in a truthful manner
CHAPTER 3
218
What are the key components of the project SOW?
* Business needs for the project
* Product scope description
* Strategic plan (how the project relates to the strategic plan)
CHAPTER 4
219
What are the 3 main reasons that organizations undertake projects?
* To solve a business problem
* To address a business need
* To exploit a business opportunity
CHAPTER 4
220
When in doubt on project issues, change requests, or if you have questions, what should you refer to?
The project management plan
CHAPTER 4
221
"Collecting the project(or phase) records, documenting the results, obtaining formal acceptance, and transferring the completed (or canceled) project or phase to the appropriate party" describes which Project Integration Management process?
Close Project or Phase
CHAPTER 4
222
What is "integrated change control"?
The process of reviewing all change requests; approving changes and managing changes to deliverables, organizational process assets, project documents, and the project management plan; and communicating their disposition
CHAPTER 4
223
What are types of Revision?
* Any modification
* Recording performance
* Updating estimates
* Reporting Status
* Forecasts
SECTION 6 Page 376
224
What are requirements of Rebaselining?
*Infrequently done
*Requires formally approved change
*Historic (Previous) baselines should be preserved
SECTION 6 page 376
225
What is a CRITICAL PATH?
*Longest path in time through the schedule network
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
226
What are the 3 calculation types for CRITICAL PATH?
* Forward pass to determine the early start and finish for each activity
* Backward pass to determine the late start and finish for each activity
* Float for each activity (The critical path is the path with zero float)
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
227
What is Analogous estimating?
The development of a project estimate on the basis of the historical information from a completed project that is substantially similar to the project being estimated
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
228
What is Duration?
The number of working periods that it is estimated will be needed to complete an activity or project
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
229
What is Effort?
* Number of work units required to complete an activity or project
* Usually measured in person hours, person days, etc
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
230
What does Parametric Estimating involve?
Multiplying the quantity of work to be performed by a known productivity rate
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
231
What is float?
Schedule flexibility
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
232
What are three forms of Float?
* Free float
* Total Float
* Project Float
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
233
What does a project schedule network diagram show?
The activities of the project in terms of their dependency relationships
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
234
What is another name for Project Schedule network diagram?
Also known as a precedence diagram or activity on node diagram (AON)
SECTION 6 PAGE 377
235
What is the PMIS (project management information system)?
An information system consisting of the tools and techniques used to gather, integrate, and disseminate the outputs of project management process. It is used to support all aspects of the project from initiating through closing, and can include both manual and automated systems.
CHAPTER 4
236
What are enterprise environmental factors (EEF) ?
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program or portfolio
CHAPTER 4
237
What is the primary output of Close Project or Phase?
Final product, service, or result transition
CHAPTER 4
238
What are the 5 inputs of the Develop Project Charter Process?
* Project statement of work
* Business case
* Agreements
* Enterprise environmental factors
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 4
239
What is the lowest level that a project manager manages the project to?
Work package level
CHAPTER 5
240
What can a work authorization system help to prevent?
Scope Creep
CHAPTER 5
241
Typically, what is the product scope detailed, managed, and measured against?
The product requirements
CHAPTER 5
242
What do you call providing customers with extras not originally included in the project charter or project plan in an effort to exceed their expectations?
Scope Creep
CHAPTER 5
243
What are the 5 inputs of the Control Scope process?
* Project management plan
* Requirements documentation
* Requirements traceability matrix
* Work performance data
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 5
244
What does the Project Time Management processes ensure?
The timely completion of a project
CHAPTER 6
245
What are 2 methods for schedule compression?
* Crashing: Adding resources to critical path activities
* Fast tracking: Applying a lead to activities that would typically start only after precedent activities are finished
CHAPTER 6
246
What are 3 ways to graphically depict a project schedule?
* Network diagram
* Bar chart or Gantt chart
* Milestone chart
CHAPTER 6
247
What does a network diagram show, and what does it not show?
It shows the project's scheduled activities and the logical relationships among those activities. It might or might not show the duration for each activity.
It does NOT show the start and finish dates of the project, nor the resources needed for the activities.
CHAPTER 6
248
Decomposition, rolling wave planning, and expert judgement are tools and techniques for which process?
# Define Activities
CHAPTER 6
249
The schedule baseline, project schedule, schedule data, project calendars, project management plan updates, and project documents updates are outputs of which Project Time Management process?
Develop Schedule
CHAPTER 6
250
How is TOTAL float calculated?
Total float
* LS-ES
* LF-EF
251
How is FREE float calculated
Free float
ESsuccessor-EFpredecessor
CHAPTER 6
252
What is meant by the terms "work effort" and "duration"?
* Work Effort: the total number of labor units required to complete an activity, typically stated in person hours, person days, person weeks, etc
* Duration: The number of work periods that it will take to complete an activity
CHAPTER 6
253
What is the Determine Budget process?
The process of aggregating the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline
CHAPTER 7
254
What is parametric estimating?
An estimating technique in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data or project parameters
CHAPTER 7
255
What is AC (Actual Cost)?
The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specified time period
CHAPTER 7
256
What does the scope baseline consist of?
* Scope statement
* WBS
* WBS dictionary
CHAPTER 7
257
Later in the Planning phase, what is the cost estimate called? What is its range?
Definitive Estimate
Range=-5% to +10%
CHAPTER 7
258
What are the 3 outputs of the Estimate Costs process?
* Activity cost estimates
* Basis of estimates
* Project documents updates
CHAPTER 7
259
What are the 4 inputs to the Control Costs process?
* Project Management plan
* Project funding requirements
* Work performance data
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 7
260
What is the function of the reserve analysis tool in Estimate Costs?
* To establish the contingency reserve, which is an allowance for unplanned, not initially identified, but potentially required changes (known unknowns)
* To make sure that adequate reserves remain as the project progresses
CHAPTER 7
261
What is the total planned value for a project also known as?
The BAC (budget at completion)
CHAPTER 7
262
What does forecasting mean?
An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project's future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast. The information is based on the project's past performance and expected future performance, and includes information that could impact the project in the future, such as estimate at completion and estimate to complete.
CHAPTER 7
263
What are the formulas for SPI (schedule performance index) and CPI (cost performance index)?
SPI=EV/PV
CPI=EV/AC
CHAPTER 7
264
What is the EAC forecast for a project that is expected to accomplish the ETC work at the current CPI rate?
EAC= [BAC/cumulative CPI]
CHAPTER 7
265
What is the TCPI (to-complete performance index) formula when the original BAC is no longer achievable and the project is rebaselined to the new EAC?
TCPI=BAC-EV/EAC-AC
CHAPTER 7
266
What 4 types of cost are considered to be part of the cost of quality?
* prevention costs
* Appraisal costs
* Internal failure costs
* External failure costs
CHAPTER 8
267
What are the 5 levels of maturity in CMMI?
* Initial
* Managed
* Defined
* Quantitively managed
* Optimizing
CHAPTER 8
268
What is variable sampling?
The determination of the degree of conformity (along a continuous scale) to a general characteristic
CHAPTER 8
269
What are the enterprise environmental factors that can influence the Plan Human Resource Management process?
* Organization, culture, and structure
* Existing human resources
* Geographical dispersion of team members
* Personnel administration policies
* Marketplace conditions
CHAPTER 9
270
When determining project roles and responsibilities, what do you need to define?
* Role
* Authority
* Responsibility
* Competency or qualification
CHAPTER 9
271
What type of theory is used to describe the manner in which individual resources, teams and entire organizational units behave?
Organizational Theory
CHAPTER 9
272
What else does the staffing management plan show besides when and how team members will be released?
Training needs, recognition and rewards, and regulation or contract compliance
CHAPTER 9
273
On which factors is the legitimate or formal authority of the project manager based?
Position, or formal authority, in the organization
CHAPTER 9
274
Which factors contribute to the project manager's referent authority?
* The project manager's personality
* References by the project manager to the support and authority of someone higher in the organization
* Respect the team members have for the project manager
CHAPTER 9
275
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory?
* basic physical needs
* safety and security needs
* Social needs
* Self-esteem needs
* Self Actualization needs
CHAPTER 9
276
What is the Expectancy Theory of motivation?
People are motivated if they expect to see a positive outcome. They will be motivated and remain productive as long as the reward meets their expectations, they believe the reward is strongly tied to their behavior, and they are capable of doing the work requested. This theory states that people will live up (or down) to what you expect of them.
CHAPTER 9
277
Why is the Manage Project Team process more complex in a matrix organization?
Because the team members' loyalties and accountabilities are split?
CHAPTER 9
278
What does confronting mean in the context of conflict management?
Solving the problem
CHAPTER 9
279
What is a project organization chart?
A document that graphically depicts the project team members and their interrelationships for a specific project.
CHAPTER 9
280
What is colocation?
Physically locating all or most team members in the same location to allow them to work more effectively together.
CHAPTER 9
281
What are the 3 Project Communications Management processes?
* Plan Communication Management
* Manage Communications
* Control Communications
CHAPTER 10
282
What are the 5 factors that can affect project communication technology?
* Urgency of the need for information
* Availability of technology
* Expected project staffing
* Duration of the project
* Project environment
CHAPTER 10
283
What are 3 communication methods?
* Interactive
* Push
* Pull
CHAPTER 10
284
Approximately how much of the project manager's time should be spent communicating?
90%
CHAPTER 10
285
What is an issue log?
A project document used to document and monitor elements under discussion between project stakeholders.
CHAPTER 10
286
What type of information might be included in simple performance reports?
* Percent complete
* Status of scope, schedule, cost and quality
CHAPTER 10
287
What are the 2 outputs from the Plan Communications Management process?
* Communications management plan
* Project documents updates
CHAPTER 10
288
What are the 4 inputs to the Manage Communications process?
* Communications Management Plan
* Work performance reports
* Enterprises environmental factors
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER `10
289
What are the 3 tools and techniques used in the Control Communications process?
* Information management systems
* Expert judgment
* Meetings
CHAPTER 10
290
What is the primary goal of risk management?
Increase the probability and impact of positive risks (opportunities) and decrease the probability and impact of negative risks (threats)
CHAPTER 11
291
What is a workaround and when might it be used?
A response to a threat that has occurred, for which a prior response had not been planned or was not effective
CHAPTER 11
292
What is the difference between contingency reserves and management reserves?
Contingency reserves: Budget within the cost baseline or performance measurement baseline that is allocated for identified risks that are accepted and for which contingent or mitigating responses are developed.
Management reserves: An amount of the project budget withheld for management control purposes. These budgets reserved for unforeseen work that is within the scope of the project. The management reserve is not included in the performance measurement baseline (PMB).
CHAPTER 11
293
What is probability?
The likelihood that the event or condition may occur.
CHAPTER 11
294
Which process uses information-gathering techniques as tools and techniques?
Identify Risks process
CHAPTER 11
295
What are some examples of information gathering techniques?
* Brainstorming
* Delphi technique
* Interviewing (or expert interviewing)
* Root Cause Analysis
CHAPTER 11
296
What are the 13 inputs to Identify Risks?
* Risk management plan
* Cost management plan
* Schedule management plan
* Quality management plan
* Human resource management plan
* Scope baseline
* Activity cost estimates
* Activity duration estimates
* Stakeholder register
* Project documents
* Procurement documents
* Enterprise environmental factors
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 11
297
What is the formula for calculating the EMV and how is this value used?
P x Value of I=EMV
When performing quantitative risk analysis, calculate the EMV for each high-priority risk in order to estimate the potential loss (or gain) of time or money if the event occurs.
CHAPTER 11
298
What are some other terms for "buyer"?
* Client
* Customer
* Prime Contractor
* Contractor
* Acquiring organization
* Government agency
* Service requestor
* Purchaser
CHAPTER 12
299
When taking the PMBOK test, do you assume you are the BUYER or SELLER?
Buyer
STUDY GUIDE-Per Darrell Stiffler
300
What are outputs?
Products, results or services generated by a process. May be inputs to a successor process
CHAPTER 3
301
What are the 3 tools and techniques used in the Plan Stakeholder Management process?
* Expert judgment
* Meetings
* Analytical techniques
CHAPTER 13
302
What are three distinct forms of matrix structures identified by the PMI?
* Weak matrix
* Balanced matrix
* Strong matrix
CHAPTER 2
303
What are inputs?
Any items, whether internal or external to the project that is required by a process before that process proceeds? May be outputs from predecessor processes
CHAPTER 3
304
What is a chief advantage of a composite structure?
The flexibility for management to adapt the approach to managing projects in the organization according to the characteristics of the project
CHAPTER 2
305
What is a "proposal"?
Also called a bid, tender, or quote, a proposal is a document prepared by the seller to explain the costs, services, terms, etc., by which the seller will meet the terms of the contract with the buyer.
CHAPTER 12
306
What are the 5 elements of a contract? Explain them
C= Capacity: The authority to sign contracts for your organization
C=Consideration: Money paid for the work performed under the contract
O= Offer: What the buyer is willing to pay the seller for the work of the contract
L=Legal: Purpose for which the work will be completed
A=Acceptance: What the seller agrees to take in payment for the work performed
CHAPTER 12
307
What are the characteristics of a fixed-price contract?
* Risk (of cost) is highest for the seller.
* It is the most common type of contract
* The seller sets a fixed price, including costs to compensate for risks
* If the scope is not well-defined, the buyer risks not getting what was needed; the seller risks time and cost
* Incentives or penalties can be added
CHAPTER 12
308
What procurement documents are generally used with each type of contract?
* RFB (request for bid), IFB (invitation for bid) for fixed-price contracts
* RFQ (request for quote) for time and material contracts
* RFP (request for proposal) for cost plus contracts
CHAPTER 12
309
What Project Procurement Management process occurs in the Closing Process Group?
Close Procurements
CHAPTER 12
310
Bidder conference, proposal evaluation techniques, independent estimates, expert judgment, advertising, analytical techniques, and procurement negotiations are tools and techniques for which Project Procurement Management process?
Conduct Procurements
CHAPTER 12
311
What are 4 ways to classify stakeholders?
* Power/Interest grid
* Power/Influence grid
* Influence/impact grid
* Salience model (power, urgency, and legitimacy)
CHAPTER 13
312
Why would a project manager need to manage stakeholder engagement?
* increases likelihood of project acceptance
* Keeps issues from becoming concerns
* Helps stakeholders understand project benefits
* Helps stakeholders understand project risks
* Limits disruptions during the project
* Helps influence stakeholder expectations
* Encourages stakeholder participation
CHAPTER 13
313
What does "leading" mean as a stakeholder classification?
Aware of a project and its impacts; engaged in ensuring project success
CHAPTER 13
314
What are 3 tools and techniques used in the Identify Stakeholders process?
* Stakeholder analysis
* Expert judgment
* Meetings
CHAPTER 13
315
What are the 4 inputs to the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process?
* Stakeholder management plan
* Communication management plan
* Change log
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 13
316
According to PMBOK, what is a PMO (Project management office)?
An organizational structure that standardizes the project-related governance and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools and techniques.
CHAPTER 2
317
What are the stages of a product life cycle?
* Concept
* Delivery
* Growth
* Maturity
* Retirement
CHAPTER 2
318
What are some examples of project stakeholders?
* customer or end user
* sponsor
* PMO
* Project Manager
* project team
* Functional managers
* Operations management
* Senior management
* Influencers
* Performing organization
CHAPTER 2
319
In a projectized org structure, who does the project team report to?
The project manager
CHAPTER 2
320
Which Project Risk Management process occurs in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
Control risks
CHAPTER 3
321
Which Project Procurement Management process occurs in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
Control Procurements
CHAPTER 3
322
What are the 2 types of standards outlined in each section of the Project Management Institute Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct?
* Mandatory
* Aspirational
CHAPTER 3
323
What do aspirational standards describe?
Conduct you aspire to achieve
CHAPTER 3
324
How would you best describe the mandatory requirement related to fairness?
The duty to make fair decisions, act impartially, and objectively
CHAPTER 3
325
What does project integration mean?
* How the project fits into the organization or enterprise
* How all the pieces or components of the project fit together
CHAPTER 4
326
What is the purpose of a configuration management system?
To define and document how changes to the product are to be submitted, tracked, reviewed, and approved or rejected.
CHAPTER 4
327
What is the project charter?
A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
CHAPTER 4
328
What are the 5 outputs of Direct and Manage Project Work?
* Deliverables
* Work performance data
* Change requests
* Project management plan updates
* Project documents updates
CHAPTER 4
329
What are the 4 outputs of the Perform Integrated Change Control process?
* Approved change requests
* Change log
* Project management plan updates
* Project documents updates
CHAPTER 4
330
What are 3 responsibilities of the project initiator or sponsor?
* Providing financial resources for project
* Formally accepting the product of the project
* Protecting the project from changing priorities or political changes
CHAPTER 5
331
Which type of plan should address scope creep and performing work not included in the project charter?
A comprehensive scope management plan
CHAPTER 5
332
What are the 5 inputs of the Validate Scope process?
* Project management plan
* Requirements documentation
* Requirements traceability matrix
* Verified deliverables
* Work performance data
CHAPTER 5
333
What are 4 types of dependencies?
* Mandatory
* Discretionary
* External
* Internal
CHAPTER 6
334
What is the PMI definition of critical path?
The sequence of activities that represent the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible duration
CHAPTER 6
335
What is rolling wave planning?
An iterative planning technique in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a higher level.
CHAPTER 6
336
What are the typical activities of variance analysis?
* look at the baseline and the actual difference
* Determine the cause of the differences
* Determine whether corrective action is necessary
CHAPTER 6
337
Activity duration estimates and project documents updates are the outputs for which Project Time Management process?
Estimate Activity Durations
CHAPTER 6
338
What are the 7 tools and techniques for the Control Schedule process?
* Performance review
* Project management software
* Resource optimization technique
* Modeling techniques
* Leads and lags
* Schedule compression
* Scheduling tool
CHAPTER 6
339
What is resource leveling? Give an example of a resource leveling heuristic?
Resource leveling: A technique in which start and finish dates are adjusted based on resource constraints with the goal of balancing demand for resources with available supply
Heuristics examples:
* Work can be leveled only between resources of the same type
* Critical path activities have priority in leveling over noncritical path activities
CHAPTER 6
340
What are the 8 parameters normally established by the cost management plan?
* Unit of measure
* Level of precision
* Level of accuracy
* Organizational procedure links
* Control thresholds
* Rules of performance measurements
* Reporting formats
* Process descriptions
CHAPTER 7
341
What is the three-point estimate named PERT?
A technique for estimating that applies a weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.
CHAPTER 7
342
What are the 4 EVM status measures?
* SV (Schedule variance)
* CV (Cost variance)
* SPI (Schedule performance index)
* CPI (cost performance index)
CHAPTER 7
343
What are some resources for which cost estimates should be developed on a project?
* Labor
* Materials
* Equipment
* Services
* Facilities
* Inflation allowance
* Contingency
* Cost of financing
CHAPTER 7
344
What are the 2 main categories of cost in cost of quality?
Conformance and noncoformance
CHAPTER 7
345
What are the 5 tools and techniques for the Determine Budget process?
* Cost aggregation
* Reserve analysis
* Expert judgment
* Historical relationships
* Funding limit reconciliation
CHAPTER 7
346
What are the 6 tools and techniques for the Control Costs process?
* Earned value management
* Forecasting
* To-complete performance index (TCPI)
* Performance reviews
* Project management software
* Reserve analysis
CHAPTER 7
347
What does the term EAC mean?
Estimate at completion
CHAPTER 7
348
What is the most accurate EAC formula that works in every project case and must be used when the original estimates are fundamentally flawed?
EAC=AC+ a new bottom-up ETC
CHAPTER 7
349
What is the EAC forecast for ETC work considering both SPI and CPI factors?
EAC=AC + [BAC-EV/cumulative CPI x Cumulative SPI]
CHAPTER 7
350
What is the standard deviation (o') formula for the PERT equation?
o'=(Cp-Co)/6
CHAPTER 7
351
What is the Trend of 7 rule?
A process is out of control whenever 7 data points follow a trend up or down across the mean
CHAPTER 8
352
What are Ishikawa's 7 basic quality control tools?
* Cause and effect diagrams
* Control charts
* Flowcharts
* Histograms
* Pareto charts
* Run charts
* Scatter diagrams
CHAPTER 8
353
What is Philip Crosby's quality theory and what is his main point?
The Zero Defects theory
Main point: It is better to prevent defects from occurring at all, thereby saving the cost of nonconformance.
CHAPTER 8
354
What is tolerance?
The quantified description of acceptable variation for a quality requirement
CHAPTER 8
355
Which type of chart is frequently used to outline project roles and responsibilities?
RAM (responsibility assignment matrix)
CHAPTER 9
356
Where does informal and formal networking take place?
Within an organization, industry, or professional environment
CHAPTER 9
357
What are some components of the human resource management plan?
* Roles and responsibilities
* Project organization charts
* Staffing management plan
CHAPTER 9
358
The Acquire Project Team process involves getting the human resources assigned to the project. What is the project manager's responsibility in this process?
* Identify the appropriate personnel
* Document the skills or knowledge needed
* Negotiate with functional managers and other project managers for the desired resources
* Assign the project staff
* Create a team directory
CHAPTER 9
359
What is the belief on which the project manager's penalty or punishment authority is base?
The project manager can inflict unpleasant consequences
CHAPTER 9
360
What are the stages of team development?
* Forming
* Storming
* Norming
* Performing
* Adjourning
CHAPTER 9
361
According to Herzberg's Hygiene Theory, what are the 2 factors that contribute to motivation?
Hygiene factors and motivating factors
CHAPTER 9
362
What is McGregor's Theory X?
assumes people are generally lazy and will avoid work unless threatened. They require constant supervision, have no ambition, and require direct control to work effectively. Theory X managers believe people are motivated by punishment or money
CHAPTER 9
363
What are the 4 elements of the Situational Continuum Model?
* Tell or direct: The project manager tells the team or a subordinate what to do
* Sell or coach: The project manager guides or leads through creative questioning
* Participate: The project manager works with the team or subordinate to lead them
* Delegate: The project manager delegates work or issues to the team or subordinate
CHAPTER 9
364
What is the new view of conflict?
Conflict is necessary, can be beneficial, allows the team to grow and come up with more creative project solutions, and is best resolved by the team members and their immediate manager
CHAPTER 9
365
Which conflict resolution techniques are noted in PMBOK?
* withdraw/avoid
* Smooth/Accomodate
* Compromise/Reconcile
* Force/Direct
* Collaborate/Problem Solve
CHAPTER 9
366
What is representative authority?
Authority that is granted to an individual by a group
CHAPTER 9
367
Name 9 communication skills (most are also common for general management skills).
* Listening actively and effectively
* Questioning to ensure better understanding
* Educating to be more effective
* Fact-finding
* Setting and managing expectations
* Persuading to act
* Negotiating agreements
* Resolving conflict
* Summarizing, recapping, and identifying the next steps
CHAPTER 10
368
In communication between a sender and receiver, who is responsible for making sure that the information is received, understood, and acknowledged?
The receiver
CHAPTER 10
369
What are some information distribution tools?
* Hard copy distribution
* Electronic communication and conferencing
* Electronic tools
CHAPTER 10
370
What is included in work performance measurements?
* Planned versus actual schedule
* Planned versus actual cost performance
* Planned versus actual technical performance
CHAPTER 10
371
What are the 5 tools and techniques used in the Manage Communications process?
* Communication technology
* Communication models
* Communication methods
* Information management systems
* Performance reporting
CHAPTER 10
372
What are the strategies for negative risks (threats)?
* Avoid
* Transfer
* Mitigate
* Accept
CHAPTER 11
373
What is the purpose of the planning meetings and analysis in the Plan Risk Management process?
Conducting high-level plans for risk management activities, which might:
* Determine the definitions of risk, probability, and impact for projects
* Assign risk responsibilities
* Establish risk reserve approaches
* Tailor templates for risk documents
* Develop cost elements and schedule activities for the project budget and schedule
CHAPTER 11
374
Why is the stakeholder register an input to Identify Risks?
Key stakeholders, especially customers, identified in the stakeholder register should participate in identifying risks
CHAPTER 11
375
What is a trigger condition?
An event or situation that indicates that a risk is about to occur
CHAPTER 11
376
Updates to the risk register are key outputs of which 4 Project Risk Management processes?
* Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
* Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
* Plan Risk Responses
* Control Risks
CHAPTER 11
377
Risk related contract decisions are outputs of which Project Risk Management process?
Plan Risk Responses
CHAPTER 11
378
What is PTA (points of total assumption)?
PTA is the not-to-exceed cost, set by the buyer, in a cost-plus contract. When the actual costs differ from the estimated costs, the buyer and seller split the difference along an agreed-upon split. Any costs above the PTA must be paid solely by the seller. The formula:
PTA=[ceiling price-total price/buyer share]+Total Cost
CHAPTER 12
379
What are some characteristics of a contract?
* Formal, mutually binding agreement between parties
* Terms are enforceable by the legal system
* Changes must be formally controlled and in writing
* All requirements should be stated in the contract
* All contractual requirements must be met
* All requirements including reporting requirements, payments terms, ownership and copyright terms must be documented in the contract
CHAPTER 12
380
What are the characteristics of a time and material contract?
* The buyer and seller both share the risk of costs
* It is a cross between fixed-price and cost plus contracts
* The unit price is established but not the quantity
* The scope of work does not have to be known
* The total price of the contract is initially unknown
CHAPTER 12
381
What is the purpose of the contract SOW?
To describe the work the contractor will provide in enough detail that sellers can determine whether they can provide the needed services
CHAPTER 12
382
Selected sellers, agreements, resource calendars, change requests, project management plan updates, and project documents updates are outputs for which Project Procurement Management process?
Conduct Procurements
CHAPTER 12
383
What is involved in the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process?
Communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs and to address issues they bring up as they occur
CHAPTER 13
384
What are the interpersonal skills that the project manager might apply when managing stakeholder engagement?
* Building trust
* Resolving conflict
* Actively listening
* Overcoming resistance to change
CHAPTER 13
385
What are the 4 inputs to the Plan Stakeholder Management process?
* Project management plan
* Stakeholder register
* Enterprise environmental factors
* Organizational process assets
CHAPTER 13
386
What are the 3 tools and techniques used in the Control Stakeholder Engagement process?
* information management systems
* Expert judgment
* Meetings
CHAPTER 13
387
According to PMBOK what is a program?
A group of related projects, subprograms, and program activities managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually
CHAPTER 2
388
What is a stakeholder?
An individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project
CHAPTER 2
389
What are common characteristics of project life cycles?
* The phases are sequential in nature
* They embrace the transfer of technical information from one phase to another as necessary
* Costs and staffing levels usually
* Are low at the beginning
* Peak somewhere in the middle phases
* Drop off rapidly toward the end
390
What is another name for a functional organization?
Traditional organization
CHAPTER 2
391
How is a functional organization organized?
A functional organization is structured as a hierarchical organization where each employee has one clear superior, and staff are groups by areas of specialization and are managed by a person with expertise in that area.
CHAPTER 2
392
Which Project Integration Management process occurs in the PLanning Process Group?
Develop Project Management Plan
CHAPTER 3
393
How would you describe Project Scope Management?
Project Scope Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.
CHAPTER 3
394
What are the 7 processes of Project Time Management?
* Plan Schedule Management
* Define Activities
* Sequence Activities
* Estimate Activity Resources
* Estimate Activity Durations
* Develop Schedule
* Control Schedule
CHAPTER 3
395
Which Project Cost Management processes occur in the Planning Process Group?
* Plan Cost Management
* Estimate Costs
* Determine Budget
CHAPTER 3
396
Which Project Quality Management process occurs in the Executing Process Group?
Perform Quality Assurance
CHAPTER 3
397
Which Project Human Resource Management processes occur in the Executing Process Group?
* Acquire Project Team
* Develop Project Team
* Manage Project Team
CHAPTER 3
398
Which Project Communications Management process occurs in the Executing Process Group?
Manage Communications
CHAPTER 3
