PMP Definitions Flashcards
A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted.
Acceptance Criteria
Products, results, or capabilities produced by a project and validated by the project customer or sponsors as meeting their specified acceptance criteria.
Accepted Deliverables
Within the quality management system, this is an assessment of correctness.
Accuracy
The process of confirming human resource availability and obtaining the team necessary to complete project activities.
Acquire Project Team
Obtaining human and material resources necessary to perform project activities. This implies a cost of resources, and is not necessarily financial.
Acquisition
A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during the course of a project.
Activity
Multiple attributes associated with each scheduled activity that can be included within the activity list. These include activity codes, predecessor activities, successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions.
Activity Attributes
One or more numerical or text values that identify characteristics of the work or in some way categorize the schedule activity that allows filtering and ordering of activities within reports.
Activity Code
The projected cost of the schedule activity that includes the cost of all resources required to perform and complete the activity, including all cost types and cost components.
Activity Cost Estimates
The time in calendar units between the start and finish of a schedule activity.
Activity Duration
The quantitative assessments of the likely number of time periods that are required to complete an activity.
Activity Duration Estimates
A short, unique numeric or text identification assigned to each schedule activity to differentiate that project activity from other activities. Typically unique within any one project schedule network diagram.
Activity Identifier
A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed.
Activity List
The types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work package.
Activity Resource Requirements
The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specific time period.
Actual Cost (AC)
The time in calendar units between the actual start date of the schedule activity and either the data date of the project schedule if the schedule activity is in progress or the actual finish date if the schedule activity is complete.
Actual Duration
A project life cycle, also known as change-driven or agile methods, that is intended to facilitate change and require a high degree of ongoing stakeholder involvement. These life cycles are also iterative and incremental, but differ in that iterations are very rapid (usually 2-4 weeks in length) and are fixed in time and resources.
Adaptive Life Cycle
A set of tools used to define the quality requirements and to plan effective quality management activities. They include, but are not limited to: brainstorming, force field analysis, nominal group techniques and quality management and control tools.
Additional Quality Planning Tools
A technique used to find ways to bring project activities that are behind into alignment with plan during project execution.
Adjusting Leads and Lags
The process of calling public attention to a project or effort.
Advertising
A group creativity technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis.
Affinity Diagram
Any document or communication that defines the initial intentions of a project. This can take the form of a contract, memorandum of understanding (MOU), letters of agreement, verbal agreements, email, etc.
Agreements
A technique used to evaluate identified options in order to select which options or approaches to use to execute and perform the work of a project.
Alternative Analysis
A technique used to develop as many potential options as possible in order to identify different approaches to execute and perform the work of a project.
Alternatives Generation
A technique used for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using historical data from a similar activity or project.
Analogous Estimating
Various techniques used to evaluate, analyze, or forecast potential outcomes based on possible variations of project or environmental variables and their relationships with other variables.
Analytical Techniques
A category of projects that have common components significant in such projects, but are not needed or present in all projects. These are usually defined in terms of either the product (i.e., by similar technologies or production methods) or the type of customer (i.e., internal versus external, government versus commercial) or industry sector (i.e., utilities, automotive, aerospace, information technologies, etc.). These can overlap.
Application Areas
A technique that is used to adjust the amount of time between predecessor and successor activities.
Applying Leads and Lags
An activity where effort is allotted proportionately across certain discrete efforts and not divisible into discrete efforts.
Apportioned Effort
A change request that has been processed through the integrated change control process and approved.
Approved Change Request
A review of the change requests to verify that these were implemented as approved.
Approved Change Requests Review
A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain, without proof or demonstration.
Assumption
A technique that explores the accuracy of assumptions and identifies risks to the project from inaccuracy, inconsistency, or incompleteness of assumptions.
Assumptions Analysis
Method of measuring quality that consists of noting the presence (or absence) of some characteristic (attribute) in each of the units under consideration. After each unit is inspected, the decision is made to accept a lot, reject it, or inspect another unit.
Attribute Sampling
The right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give approvals.
Authority
A listing of product requirements and deliverables to be completed, written as stories, and prioritized by the business to manage and organize the project’s work.
Backlog
A critical path method technique for calculating the late start and late finish dates by working backward through the schedule model from the project end date.
Backward Pass
A graphic display of schedule-related information. Schedule activities or work breakdown structure components are listed down the left side of the chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are shown as date-placed horizontal bars.
Bar Chart
The approved version of a work product that can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison.
Baseline
Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail, ranges, and confidence levels.
Basis of Estimates
The comparison of actual or planned practices, such as processes and operations, to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Benchmarking
The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common understanding of the procurement. Also known as contractor conferences, vendor conferences, or pre-bid conferences.
Bidder Conferences
A method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower-level components of the work breakdown structure (WBS).
Bottom-Up Estimating
A general data gathering and creativity technique that can be used to identify risks, ideas, or solutions to issues by using a group of team members or subject matter experts.
Brainstorming
The sum of all budgets estimated for the work to be performed.
Budget at Completion (BAC)
A documented economic feasibility study used to establish validity of the benefits of a selected component lacking sufficient definition and that is used as a basis for the authorization of further project management activities.
Business Case
A concept that is unique to each organization and includes tangible and intangible elements. Through the effective use of project, program, and portfolio management disciplines, organizations will possess the ability to employ reliable, established processes to meet enterprise objectives and obtain greater business value from their investments.
Business Value
The acquirer of products, services, or results for an organization.
Buyer
A decomposition technique that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause.
Cause and Effect Diagram
A property of the central limit theorem predicting that the data observations in a distribution will tend to group around a central location. The three typical measures are the mean, median, and mode.
Central Tendency
A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected.
Change Control
A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and communicating such decisions.
Change Control Board (CCB)
A set of procedures that describes how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled.
Change Control System
Manual or automated tools to assist with change and/or configuration management. At a minimum, the tools should support the activities of the CCB.
Change Control Tools
A comprehensive list of changes made during the project. This typically includes dates of the change and impacts in terms of time, cost, and risk.
Change Log
A formal proposal to modify any document, deliverable, or baseline.
Change Request
A technique for systematically reviewing materials using a list for accuracy and completeness.
Checklist Analysis
A tally sheet that can be used as a checklist when gathering data.
Checksheets
A request, demand, or assertion of rights by a seller against a buyer, or vice versa, for consideration, compensation, or payment under the terms of a legally binding contract, such as for a disputed change.
Claim
The process of processing, adjudicating, and communicating contract claims.
Claims Administration
The process of completing each project procurement.
Close Procurements
The process of finalizing all activities across all of the Project Management Process Groups to formally complete a project or phase.
Close Project or Phase
Project contracts or other procurement agreements that have been formally acknowledged by the proper authorizing agent as being finalized and signed off.
Closed Procurements
Those processes performed to finalize all activities across all Process Groups to formally close a project or phase.
Closing Process Group
A numbering system used to uniquely identify each component of the work breakdown structure (WBS).
Code of Accounts
The process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives.
Collect Requirements
An organizational placement strategy where the project team members are physically located close to one another in order to improve communication, working relationships, and productivity.
Colocation
Restrictions on the content, timing, audience, or individual who will deliver a communication usually stemming from specific legislation or regulation, technology, or organizational policies.
Communication Constraints
A systematic procedure, technique, or process used to transfer information among project stakeholders.
Communication Methods
A description, analogy or schematic used to represent how the communication process will be performed for the project.
Communication Models
An analytical technique to determine the information needs of the project stakeholder interviews, workshops, study of lessons learned from previous projects, etc.
Communication Requirements Analysis
Specific tools, systems, computer programs, etc., used to transfer information among project stakeholders.
Communication Technology
A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how, when, and by whom information about the project will be administered and disseminated.
Communications Management Plan
A general concept of conforming to a rule, standard, law, or requirement such that the assessment of compliance results in a binomial result stated as “compliant” or “noncompliant.”
Compliance
The process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller, and awarding a contract.
Conduct Procurements
A subsystem of the overall project management system. It is a collection of formal documented procedures used to apply technical and administrative direction and surveillance to: identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a product, result, service, or component: control any changes to such characteristics; record and report each change and its implementation status; and support the audit of products, results, or components to verify conformance to requirements. It includes the documentation, tracking systems, and defined approval level necessary for authorizing and controlling changes.
Configuration Management System
Handling, controlling, and guiding a conflictual situation to achieve a resolution.
Conflict Management
Within the quality management system, this is a general concept of delivering results that fall within the limits that define acceptable variation for a quality requirement.
Conformance
In the cost of quality framework, conformance work is done to compensate for imperfections that prevent organizations from completing planned activities correctly as essential first-time work. This consists of action that are related to prevention and inspection.
Conformance Work
A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio, or process.
Constraint
A visual depiction of the product scope showing a business system (process, equipment, computer system, etc.) and how people and other systems (actors) interact with it.
Context Diagrams
An event or occurrence that could affect the execution of the project that may be accounted for with a reserve.
Contingency
Budget within the cost baseline or performance measurement baseline that is allocated for identified risks that are accepted and for which contingent or mitigating responses are developed.
Contingency Reserve
Responses provided which may be used in the event that a specific trigger occurs.
Contingent Response Strategies.
A contract is a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product or service or result and obligates the buyer to pay for it.
Contract
The system used to collect, track, adjudicate, and communicate changes to a contract.
Contract Change Control System
Comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, assessing trends to effect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.
Control
A management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement.
Control Account
A graphic display of process data over time and against established control limits, which has a centerline that assists in detecting a trend of plotted values toward their control limit.
Control Chart
The process of monitoring and controlling communications throughout the entire project life cycle to ensure the information needs of the project stakeholders are met.
Control Communications.
The process of monitoring the status of the project to update the project costs and managing changes to the cost baseline.
Control Costs
The area composed of three standard deviations on either side of the centerline or mean of a normal distribution of data plotted on a control chart, which reflects the expected variation in the data.
Control Limits
The process of managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance, and making changes and corrections as appropriate.
Control Procurements
The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes.
Control Quality
The process of implementing risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project.
Control Risks
The process of monitoring the status of project activities to update project progress and manage changes to the schedule baseline to achieve the plan.
Control Schedule
The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.
Control Scope
The process of monitoring overall project stakeholder relationships and adjusting strategies and plans for engaging stakeholders.
Control Stakeholder Engagement
An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan.
Corrective Action
Summing the lower-level cost estimates associated with the various work packages for a given level within the project’s WBS or for a given cost control account.
Cost Aggregation
The approved version of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves, which can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.
Cost Baseline
A component of a project or program management plan that describes how costs will be planned, structured, and controlled.
Cost Management Plan
A method of determining the costs incurred to ensure quality. Prevention and appraisal costs (cost of conformance) include costs for quality planning, quality control (QC), and quality assurance to ensure compliance to requirements (i.e., training, QC systems, etc.). Failure costs (cost of nonconformance) include costs to rework products, components, or processes that are non-compliant, costs of warranty work and waste, and loss of reputation.
Cost of Quality (COQ)
A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost.
Cost Performance Index (CPI)
A category of contract that involves payments to the seller for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work, plus an award fee representing seller profit.
Cost Plus Award Fee Contract (CPAF)
A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller’s allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract), and the seller earns its profit if it meets defined performance criteria.
Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF)
The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost.
Cost Variance (CV)
A financial analysis tool used to determine the benefits provided by a project against its costs.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
A type of contract involving payment to the seller for the seller’s actual costs, plus a fee typically representing seller’s profit. Cost-reimbursable contracts often include incentive clauses where, if the seller meets or exceeds selected project objectives, such as schedule targets or total cost, then the seller receives from the buyer an incentive or bonus payment.
Cost-Reimbursable Contract
A technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources.
Crashing
The process of subdividing project deliverables and work into smaller, more manageable components.
Create WBS
Standards, rules, or tests on which a judgement or decision can be based or by which a product, service, result, or process can be evaluated.
Criteria
A schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers on a any project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainties.
Critical Chain Method
The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible duration.
Critical Path
Any activity on the critical path in a project schedule.
Critical Path Activity
A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.
Critical Path Method (CPM)
The person(s) or organization(s) that will pay for the project’s product, service, or result. They can be internal or external to the performing organization.
Customer
Within the quality management system, a state of fulfillment in which the needs of a customer are met or exceeded for the customer’s expected experiences as assessed by the customer at the moment of evaluation.
Customer Satisfaction
A point in time when the status of the project is recorded.
Data Date
Techniques used to collect, organize, and present data and information.
Data Gathering and Representation Techniques
A diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.
Decision Tree Analysis
A technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.
Decomposition
An imperfection or deficiency in a project component where that component does not meet its requirements or specifications and needs to be either repaired or replaced.
Defect
An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component.
Defect Repair
The process of identifying and documenting the specific actions to be performed to produce the project deliverables.
Define Activities
The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.
Define Scope
Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project.
Deliverable
An information gathering technique used as a way to reach a consensus of experts on a subject. Experts on the subject participate in this technique anonymously. A facilitator uses a questionnaire to solicit ideas about the important project points related to the subject. The responses are summarized and are then recirculated to the experts for further comment. Consensus may be reached in a few rounds of this process. This technique helps reduce bias in the data and keeps any one person from having undue influence on the outcome.
Delphi Technique
A technique used to identify the type of dependency that is used to create the logical relationships between predecessor and successor activities.
Dependency Determination
A statistical method for identifying which factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production.
Design of Experiments
The process of aggregating the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline.
Determine Budget
The process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational research to project activities.
Develop Project Charter
The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating them into a comprehensive project management plan.
Develop Project Management Plan
The process of improving consistencies, team member interaction, and overall team environment to enhance project performance.
Develop Project Team
The process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource assignments, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule model.
Develop Schedule
Approaches to presenting information with logical linkages that aid in understanding.
Diagramming Techniques
A group decision-making technique in which one individual makes the decision for the group.
Dictatorship
The process of leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project’s objectives.
Direct and Manage Project Work
An activity that can be planned and measured and that yields a specific output. (Note: This is one of three earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance).
Discrete Effort
A relationship that is established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or an aspect of the project where a specific sequence is desired.
Discretionary Dependency
An elicitation technique that analyzes existing documentation and identifies information relevant to the requirements.
Document Analysis
The process of gathering a corpus of information and reviewing it to determine accuracy and completeness.
Documentation Reviews
The total number of work periods (not including holidays or other nonworking periods) required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component. Usually expressed as workdays or workweeks. Sometimes incorrectly equated with elapsed time.
Duration (DU or DUR)
In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints.
Early Finish Date (EF)
In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints.
Early Start Date (ES)
The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.
Earned Value (EV)
A methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress.
Earned Value Management
The number of labor units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component, often expressed in hours, days, or weeks.
Effort
The capability to identify, assess, and manage the personal emotions of oneself and other people, as well as the collective emotions of groups of people.
Emotional Intelligence
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio.
Enterprise Environmental Factors
A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome. Usually applies to project costs, resources, effort, and durations and is usually proceeded by a modifier (i.e. preliminary, conceptual, feasibility, order-of-magnitude, definitive). It should always include some indication of accuracy (e.g., +/- x percent).
Estimate
The process of estimating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities and estimated resources.
Estimate Activity Durations
The process of estimating the type and quantities of material, human resources, equipment, or supplies required to perform each activity.
Estimate Activity Resources
The expected total cost of completing all work expressed in terms of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities.
Estimate at Completion (EAC)
The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities.
Estimate Costs
The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.
Estimate to Complete (ETC)
Directing, managing, performing, and accomplishing the project work; providing the deliverables; and providing work performance mitigation.
Execute
Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project specifications.
Executing Process Group
A statistical technique that calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen. A common use of this technique is within decision tree analysis.
Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis
Judgment provided based upon expertise in an application area, knowledge area, discipline, industry, etc., as appropriate for the activity being performed. Such expertise may be provided by any group or person with specialized education, knowledge, skill, experience, or training.
Expert Judgment
A relationship between project activities and non-project activities.
External Dependency
An elicitation technique using focused sessions that bring key cross-functional stakeholders together to define product requirements.
Facilitated Workshops
An analytical procedure in which each potential failure mode in every component of a product is analyzed to determine its effect on the reliability of that component and, by itself or in combination with other possible failure modes, on the reliability of the product or system and on the required function of the component; or the examination of a product (at the system and/or lower levels) for all ways that a failure may occur. For each potential failure, an estimate is made of its effect on the total system and of its impact. In addition, a review is undertaken of the action planned to minimize the probability of failure and to minimize its effects.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
Plans that include an alternative set of actions and tasks available in the event that the primary plan needs to be abandoned because of issues, risks, or other causes.
Fallback Plan
A schedule compression technique in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.
Fast Tracking
Represents profit as a component of compensation to a seller.
Fee
A point in time associated with a schedule activity’s completion. Usually qualified by one of the following: actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early, late, baseline, target, or current.
Finish Date
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished.
Finish-to-Finish (FF)
A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished.
Finish-to-Start (FS)
A type of fixed price contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), regardless of the seller’s costs.
Firm-Fixed-Price Contract (FFP)
An earned value method for assigning a specified percentage of budget value for a work package to the start milestone of the work package with the remaining budget value percentage assigned when the work package is complete.
Fixed Formula Method
A type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), and the seller can earn an additional amount if the seller meets defined performance criteria.
Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract (FPIF)
A fixed-price contract, but with a special provision allowing for predefined adjustments to the contract price due to changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or decreases) for specific commodities.
Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract (FP-EPA)
An agreement that sets the fee that will be paid for a defined scope of work regardless of the cost or effort to deliver it.
Fixed-Price Contract
Also called slack.
Float
The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system.
Flowchart
An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service, or result.
Focus Groups
An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project’s future based on information and knowledge. The information is based on the project’s past performance and expected future performance, and includes information that could impact the project in the future, such as estimate of completion and estimate to complete.
Forecast
A critical path method technique for calculating the early start and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the project start date or a given point in time.
Forward Pass
The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any successor or violating a schedule constraint.
Free Float
Someone with management authority over an organizational unit within a functional organization. The manager of any group that actually makes a product or performs a service. Sometimes called a line manager.
Functional Manager
A hierarchical organization where each employee has one clear superior, and staff are grouped by areas of specialization and managed by a person with expertise in that area.
Functional Organization
The process of comparing the planned expenditure of project funds against any limits on the commitment of funds for the project to identify any variances between the funding limits and the planned expenditures.
Funding Limit Reconciliation
A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and the activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.
Gantt Chart
A category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use (e.g., “hammer”) but do not share the same requirements for quality (e.g., different hammers may need to withstand different amounts of force).
Grade
Expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project team members.
Ground Rules
Techniques that are used to generate ideas within a group of stakeholders.
Group Creativity Techniques
Techniques to assess multiple alternatives that will be used to generate, classify, and prioritize product requirements.
Group Decision-Making Techniques
An official recommendation or advice that indicates policies, standards, or procedures for how something should be accomplished.
Guideline
A special form of bar chart used to describe the central tendency, dispersion, and shape of a statistical distribution.
Histogram
Documents and data on prior projects including project files, records, correspondence, closed contracts, and closed projects.
Historical Information
A component of the project management plan that describes how the roles and responsibilities, reporting relationships, and staff management and will be addressed and structured.
Human Resource Management Plan
Technique used to consolidate ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new ideas.
Idea/Mind Mapping
The process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics.
Identify Risks
The process of identifying the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by a decision, activity, or outcome of the project; and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence, and potential impact on project success.
Identify Stakeholders
A fixed date imposed on a schedule activity or schedule milestone, usually in the form of a “start no earlier than” date
Imposed Date
A set of financial incentives related to cost, schedule, or technical performance of the seller.
Incentive Fee
A project life cycle where the project scope is generally determined early in the project life cycle, but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as the project team’s understanding of the product increases. Iterations develop the product through a series of repeated cycles, while increments successively add to the functionality of the product.
Incremental Life Cycle
A process of using a third party to obtain and analyze information to support prediction of cost, schedule, or other items.
Independent Estimates
A graphical representation of situations showing casual influences, time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes.
Influence Diagram
Repeatable processes used to assemble and organize data across a spectrum of sources.
Information Gathering Techniques
Facilities, processes, and procedures used to collect, store, and distribute information between producers and consumers of information in physical or electronic format.
Information Management Systems
Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.
Initiating Process Group
