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pmoc part 2 > PMOC DISINFECTANT > Flashcards

PMOC DISINFECTANT Flashcards

1
Q

Application to living tissue for preventing infection

A

Antisepsis

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2
Q

Chemical or physical treatment that destroys most vegetative microbes or viruses, but nut spores, in or on inanimate surface

A

Disinfection

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3
Q

Destruction or marked reduction in the number of activity
of microorganisms

A

Decontamination

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4
Q

Reduction of microbial load on an inanimate surface to a level considered acceptable for public health purposes

A

Sanitation

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5
Q

Kills nonsporulating microorganisms by hot water or steam at 65-100°C

A

Pasteurization

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6
Q

Kill or remove all types of microorganisms, including spores, and usually including viruses with an acceptably low probability of survival

A

Sterilization

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7
Q

introduced antiseptic principles

A

Joseph Lister

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8
Q

He intoduced magic bullets, selective toxicity, Compound 606 (Salvarsan)

A

Paul Ehrlich

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9
Q

Most successful anti-infective agents

A

Mercury, Arsenic, Antimony

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10
Q

Sleeping sickness treatment

A

Atoxyl (Sodium Arsanilate and Arsphenamine)

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11
Q

Anti-Infective Agents classification

A

• Chemical types of the compound
• Biological properties
• Therapeutic indication

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12
Q

Alcohol names

A

• Ethyl alcohol
• Rectified spirit
• Wine spirit
• Grain alcohol
• Spiritus vini
rectificatus

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13
Q

Inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Disulfiram

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14
Q

Inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Fomepizole

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15
Q

Approximately 95% ethanol by volume

A

Commercial Ethanol

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16
Q

Unfit for use in intoxicating beverages

A

Denatured Alcohol

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17
Q

With wood alcohol and benzene and is unsuitable for internal/external use

A

Completely denatured alcohol

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18
Q

• Ethanol treated with one or more substances that is permitted for a specialized purpose
• Iodine in alcohol for tincture of iodine
• Methanol in mouthwashes , Methanol in
alcohol for preparing plant extracts

A

Special denatured alcohol

19
Q

Dehydrated Alcohol aka

A

Absolute alcohol

20
Q

NLT 99% w/w ethanol

A

Dehydrated Alcohol

21
Q

Prepared by azeotropic distillation of an ethanol-benzene mixture

A

Dehydrated alcohol

22
Q

Prepared by sulfuric-acid – catalyzed hydration of propylene

A

Isopropyl alcohol

23
Q

For temperature sensitive medical equipment and heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals

A

Ethylene oxide

24
Q

Involves non-selective alkylation of functional groups in nucleic acids and proteins by nucleophilic opening of the oxide ring

A

Ethylene oxide

25
Q

Safe diluted ethylene oxide

A

Carboxide

26
Q

Direct, nonspecific alkylation of nucleophilic functional groups (amino, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl) in proteins and nucleic acids to form carbinol derivatives

A

Formaldehyde

27
Q

37% w/v formaldehyde, with _____ added to retard polymerization

A

methanol

28
Q

Diluted sol’n for heat-sensitive equipment

A

Glutaraldehyde

29
Q

Stable alkaline soln, retain more than 80% original activity after 30 days, non stabilized alkaline sol’n – lose 44% after 15 days

A

Commercial Glutaraldehyde

30
Q

Defined as the ratio of a dilution of a given test disinfectant to the dilution of phenol that is required to kill a strain of Salmonella typhi under carefully controlled time and temperature conditions

A

Phenolcoefficient

31
Q

Substitution with alkyl, aryl, and halogen (especially in the ___
position) groups increases bactericidal activity.

A

Para

32
Q

Standard to which the activity of most germicidal substances is compared

A

Phenol

33
Q

Germicidal – general protoplasmic poison caustic to skin, exerts local anesthetic effects, must
be diluted to avoid tissue destruction

A

Phenol

34
Q

Phenol containing 10% water

A

Liquified phenol

35
Q

+ camphor = liquid petrolatum – used as external antiseptic and anti-irritant

A

p – Chlorophenol

36
Q

Nonirritating antiseptic with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities use in 2% in shampoo

A

p – chloro – m – xylenol

37
Q

Used topically for ringworm infections – tinea pedis, tinea cruris

A

p – chloro – m – xylenol

38
Q

White to light-tan crystalline powder ; Banned OTC – due to reports of neurotoxicity in bathed infants and burn patients cleansed with the agent

A

Hexachlorophene

39
Q

Mixture of 3 isomeric methylphenols; Yellow to brownish yellow liquid, unpleasant creosote odor

A

Cresol

40
Q

Obtained from coal tar/petroleum by alkaline extraction into aqueous medium, acidification, and
fractional distillation

A

Cresol

41
Q

Extracted from oil of Thymus vulgaris; Mild fungicidal properties, used in alcohol sol’n and dusting powders for ringworm infections

A

Thymol

42
Q

Obtained from clove oil; Pale-yellow liquid, strong clove aroma, pungent
taste; With local anesthetic and antiseptic activities in mouthwash; Phenol coefficient – 14.4

A

Eugenol

43
Q

Crystallizes as white needles or as an amorphous powder, soluble in water and alcohol; 1-3% in solutions, 10-20% in tx for ringworm,
eczema, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis; Keratolytic, causes stratum corneum to slough, opening the barrier to penetration for antifungals

A

Resorcinol

44
Q

White crystalline substance with faint phenolic odor; Produces numbness to tongue; Phenol coefficient – 98

A

Hexylresorcinol

pmoc part 2 (1 decks)

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