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PMLS 2 > [PMLS2-LAB] LESSON 2: Circulatory System > Flashcards

[PMLS2-LAB] LESSON 2: Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

it carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and carries carbon dioxide and other wastes away from the cells to the excretory organs, kidneys, lungs and skin.

A

Circulatory System

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2
Q

It also aids in the coagulation process, assists in defending the body against disease, plays a key role in the regulation of body temperature.

A

Circulatory System

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3
Q

Who must access it to collect blood specimen for analysis.

A

Phlebotomist

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4
Q

This chapter covers the two main components of the ciculatory system.

A

Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System

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5
Q

Which blood is transported to and from the tissues and the blood carries oxygen and other vital substances to the tissues and carries carbon dioxide and waste products away from the tissues.

A

Cardiovascular System

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6
Q

The major structure of the cardiovascular system. It is the “pump” that circulates blood throughout the body.

A

Heart

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7
Q

Heart is located slightly left of center in the ___________ between the lungs, with the apex (tip) pointing down and to the left of the body.

A

Thoracic Cavity

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8
Q

a four-chambered, hollow, muscular organ slightly largenr than a person’s fist.

A

Heart

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9
Q

It has muscular walls with the three distinct layers and is surrounded by a thin fluid-filled sac called the

A

Pericardium

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10
Q

One-way valves between __________ help prevent the backflow of blood and keep it moving through the heart in the right direction.

A

chambers

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11
Q

The right and left chambers are sperated from each other by partitions called __________________

A

Septa

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12
Q

The outer layer of cpericardium contains connective tissue that anchors it to the __________, ____________ and other structures to keep it in place.

A

diaphragm
Sternum

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13
Q

Three layers of the heart are the

A

Epicardium; Thin outer layer
Myocardium; The middle muscle layer
Endocardium; thin inner layer

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14
Q
  • The upper chambers on each side of the heart are
  • Receiving chambers
A

Atria

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15
Q
  • The lower chambers are
  • Pumping or delivering chambers
A

Ventricles

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16
Q

The heart has four valves that are primarily composed of thin, strong flaps of tissue called

A

Cusps or Leaflets

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17
Q

The valves entrance to the ventricles are called

A

Atrioventricular Valves

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18
Q

These vales are attached to the walls of the ventricles by thin threads of tissue ________________, which keep the valve cusps from flipping back into the atria.

A

Chordae Tendineae

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19
Q

LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR
RIGHT ATRIOVENTICULAR

A

Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve

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20
Q

The term “mitral valve” comes from its resemblance to a _____, the pointed two-sided hat worn by bishops.

A

Miter

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21
Q

LAYERS OF HEART:

  • Thin, serous [watery] membrane that is continuous with the lining of the pericardium.
  • Covers the heart and attaches to the pericardium
A

Epicardium

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22
Q

LAYERS OF HEART:

  • Thick layer of cardiac muscle
  • Contracts to pump blood into the arteries
A

Myocardium

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23
Q

LAYERS OF HEART:

  • Thin layer of epithelial cells that is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels.
  • Lines the interior chamber and valves.
A

Endocardium

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24
Q

Chambers of Heart?

A

Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle

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25
Q

The valves that exit the ventricles called _____________ because they are crecent-shaped, like a half moon.

A

Semilunar

26
Q

The partitions that separates the right and left atria

A

Interatrial

27
Q

The partition that separated the right and left ventricle

A

Interventricular

28
Q

The flow of blood through the arteries and veins within the heart muscle

A

Coronary (cardiac) ciruclation

29
Q

These branch of the aorta, just beyond the aortic semilunar valve.

A

Arteries

30
Q

It wraps around the heart and branches that deliver blood deep into the heart muscle.

A

Coronary Arteries

31
Q
  • a medical term for chect pain that is usually due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle
  • A typically caused by narowing, obstruction, or spasm of the coronary arteries.
A

Angina or Angina Pectoris

32
Q

Any condition that causes the hardening of arteries

A

Arteriosclerosis

33
Q

caused by the build up of waxy substance called plaque that can lead to severe narrowing of coronary arteries and reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

A

Atherosclerosis

34
Q

Three specific lipid molecules called _______ are associated with plaque buildup in the arteries.

A

Ceramide

35
Q

One complete conmtraction and subsequent relaxation of the heart last about 0.8 seconds and is called

A

Cardiac Cycle

36
Q

Contracting Phase Of The Cardiac Cycle

A

Systole

37
Q

Relaxing Phase of The Cardiac Cycle

A

Diastole

38
Q

Specialized tissues create an electrical conduction system pathaway that includes two small tissues called ____________ and a network of specialized fibers that branch through out the myocaridum.

A

Nodes

39
Q

A graphic record of the heart’s eclectrical activity during the cardiac cycle.

A

ECG/EKG
Electrocardiogram

40
Q

An irregularity in the heart’s rate, rhythm or beat

A

Arrhythmia

41
Q

the palpable rhythmic throbbing caused by the alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as a wave of blood passes through it.

A

Pulse

42
Q

the force or tension exerted by the blood on the walls of blood

A

Blood Pressure

43
Q

two components of blood pressure measured are:

A

Systolic Pressure- the arterial pressure during contraction of the ventricles.
Diastolic Pressure - the arterial pressure during relaxation of the ventricles.

44
Q

a major part of ciculatory system.

A

Vascular System

45
Q

Vacular means

A

Pertaiing to vessels

46
Q

the network of blood vessels that, along with the heart, forms the closed loop through which blood is circulated to all parts of the body.

A

Vascular System

47
Q

Twi division of Vacular System

A

Pulmonary and Sytemic Circuits

48
Q

carries blood through a closed circuit from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where carbon dioxide leaves tge blood and oxygen enters the blood.

A

Pulmonary Circulation

49
Q

It serves the rest of the body, carrying oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle of the heart to the body cells, and then returning to the right atrium of the heart with blood carrying carbon dioxide and other waste products metabolism from the cells.

A

Systemic Circulation

50
Q

tubelike structures capable of expanding and contracting.

A

Blood Vessels

51
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

They have thick walls because the blood that moves through them is under pressure from the contraction of the ventricles

A

Arteries

52
Q

The smallest branches of arteries that join with the capellaries

A

Arterioles

53
Q

largest artery in the body ( 1 inch 2.5 cm) in diamete

A

Aorta

54
Q

blood vessels that return blood to the heart

A

Veins

55
Q

The smallest veins

A

Venules

56
Q

The largest veins in the body

A

the superior and inferior venae cavae

57
Q

one -cell thick vessels that connect the arterioles and venules. They are like a bridge between the arterial and venous circulation that transports bloods from the arterioles to the venules.

A

Capillaries

58
Q

Capillary means

A

Hairlike

59
Q

_________ and ______ composed of three main layers

A

Arteries and Veins

60
Q

All blood and lymph vessels are line with a single layer of squamous epithelial cells called _______________ that provides smooth surface fp blood flow.

A

Endothelium

61
Q

composed of a single layer of endothelial cells enclosed in a basement membrane.

A

Capillaries

62
Q
A

PMLS 2 (2 decks)

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