PMLS FINALS

Question 1

deficiency of insulin

Answer 1

Type 1 DM

Question 2

defect in insulin secretion and cellular resistance to insulin

Answer 2

Type 2 DM

Question 3

develops during pregnancy

Answer 3

Gestational DM (GDM)

Question 4

Patient should:
1. Eat a balanced
diet that includes
150g/day of
carbohydrates for
3 days
2. Fast for 12-16 hours
3. Avoid smoking,
tobacco, gum and
vigorous exercise

Answer 4

GTT Preparation

Question 5

2-Hour OGTT

Answer 5

Recommended method for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

Question 6

1. Collection of FBS sample
2. Patient drink a 75-g glucose solution within 5 minutes
3. Collection of sample for glucose after 2 hours.

Answer 6

2-Hour OGTT

Question 7

≥200 mg/dL glucose is indicative of diabetes mellitus

Answer 7

2-Hour OGTT

Question 8

• Same as OGTT
• Glucose ≤140mg/dL
  normal

Answer 8

One-Step Method for Gestational Diabetes

Question 9

• First test: 50-g OGTT
• Second test: 75-g
  OGTT or 100-g 3-hour
  OGTT

Answer 9

Two Step Method for Gestational Diabetes

Question 10

Evaluates patient’s ability to
digest lactose (milk sugar)

Answer 10

Lactose Tolerance Test

Question 11

increase of no more than 20
mg/dL from fasting sample indicates

Answer 11

lactose intolerance

Question 12

Peaks 4-6 am; lowest 8
pm to 12 am

Answer 12

Cortisol

Question 13

Lower at night

Answer 13

ACTH, plasma
renin activity, Aldosterone,
Insulin

Question 14

Higher in afternoon and
evening

Answer 14

GH, ACP

Question 15

Higher levels at 4 and 8
am and at 8 and 10 am

Answer 15

Prolactin

Question 16

Peaks early to late
morning; decreases up
to 30% during the day

Answer 16

Iron

Question 17

Involves analysis of
circulating concentrations
of drugs in serum, plasma,
or whole blood

Answer 17

Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring (TDM)

Question 18

concentration in the blood
which elicits the desired effects

Answer 18

Therapeutic level

Question 19

time required for serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%

Answer 19

Drug half-life

Question 20

drawn before the next dose

Answer 20

Trough concentrations