PMLS FINALS Flashcards
deficiency of insulin
Type 1 DM
defect in insulin secretion and cellular resistance to insulin
Type 2 DM
develops during pregnancy
Gestational DM (GDM)
Patient should:
1. Eat a balanced
diet that includes
150g/day of
carbohydrates for
3 days
2. Fast for 12-16 hours
3. Avoid smoking,
tobacco, gum and
vigorous exercise
GTT Preparation
2-Hour OGTT
Recommended method for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
- Collection of FBS sample
- Patient drink a 75-g glucose solution within 5 minutes
- Collection of sample for glucose after 2 hours.
2-Hour OGTT
≥200 mg/dL glucose is indicative of diabetes mellitus
2-Hour OGTT
- Same as OGTT
- Glucose ≤140mg/dL
normal
One-Step Method for Gestational Diabetes
- First test: 50-g OGTT
- Second test: 75-g
OGTT or 100-g 3-hour
OGTT
Two Step Method for Gestational Diabetes
Evaluates patient’s ability to
digest lactose (milk sugar)
Lactose Tolerance Test
increase of no more than 20
mg/dL from fasting sample indicates
lactose intolerance
Peaks 4-6 am; lowest 8
pm to 12 am
Cortisol
Lower at night
ACTH, plasma
renin activity, Aldosterone,
Insulin
Higher in afternoon and
evening
GH, ACP
Higher levels at 4 and 8
am and at 8 and 10 am
Prolactin
Peaks early to late
morning; decreases up
to 30% during the day
Iron
Involves analysis of
circulating concentrations
of drugs in serum, plasma,
or whole blood
Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring (TDM)
concentration in the blood
which elicits the desired effects
Therapeutic level
time required for serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%
Drug half-life
drawn before the next dose
Trough concentrations
