PMLS 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Is the process of collecting blood using Incision or puncture method, also called Venesection?
A
Phlebotomy
2
Q
Used leeches for bloodletting or micro surgical replantation
A
Leeching or Hyrudotheraphy
3
Q
Performed bloodletting to treat illness
A
Barber-surgeon
4
Q
Greek word: Plebos which means?
A
Vein
5
Q
Greek word: Temnien which means?
A
to cut
6
Q
In stone Ages they used this to cut vessles and drain blood
A
Crude Tools
7
Q
They practice phlebotomy as Bloodletting
A
Ancient Egyptians
8
Q
Greek Physician that believes in Four Humors
A
Hippocrates
9
Q
WHAT ARE THE FOUR HUMOR AND THEIR HEALTH BALANCED
A
EARTH- blood and brain
WATER-yellow bile and gallbladder
AIR- phlegm and lungs
FIRE- blackbile and spleen
10
Q
alternative med to ease the pain and inflammation
A
Cupping
11
Q
WHAT ARE THE BASIC CONCEPT OF COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH CARE SETTING?
A
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ACTIVE LISTENING
12
Q
AN INSTITUTION THAT HAS PERMANENT INPATIENT BED WITH 24 -HOUR SERVICE
A
HOSPITAL
13
Q
Size differences of the RBCs
A
RED BLOOD CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH
14
Q
WHAT IS THE TWO MAJOR AREA IN CLINICAL ANALYSIS AREAS IN LABORATORY?
A
Anatomical and Surgical Pathology
Clinical Analysis
15
Q
This clinical area performs the blood and blood forming tissue
A
Hematology
16
Q
hemoglobin level and red cell count
A
Hct or Hematocrit
17
Q
Values that rule out anemia
A
Hgb or Hemoglobin
18
Q
Erythropoetic activity
A
red Blood Cell Count
19
Q
leukocyte response
A
WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
20
Q
chemotherapy and radiation conditions
A
platelet count
21
Q
changes in the appearance or quantity of specific cell type
A
Differential white blood cell count
22
Q
show the changes in RBC size, wieght, and Hgb content
A
Indices
23
Q
Weight of the Hgb in the Cell
A
MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN
24
Q
to determine the size of the cell
A
MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME
25
concentration of the hemoglobin per unit volume of RBCs
MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION
26
THIS IS THE ABILITY OF BLOOD TO FORM AND DISSOLVE CLOTS
COAGULATION
27
Liver diseases or deficiency in Vit. K
Prothrombin Time
28
Fibrinogen Level in the blood
Fibrinogen Test
29
Amount of fibrin degradation products in the blood
Fibrin Split products
30
Thrombin and Plasnin activity
D-dimer
31
adequacy of heparin activity
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
32
Amounts of certain chemical in the blood sample
Chemistry
33
user to check for anemia and diseases of the small intestine
Vitamin B12 amd Folate Test
34
check levels that indicates gout and renal problem
Uric acid test
35
early diagnosis of small myocardial infarction
Troponin 1
36
serve as index in the evaluation of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism disorder
Triglycerides
37
to check liver and kidney disorders
total protein
38
Screens patient for the presence of prostate cancer
Prostate specific antigen
39
check lungs, kidney and liver dysfunction
Lactate dehydrogenase
40
determine glycosylated hgb level
Hemoglobin A1C
41
Liver Damage
Alanine aminotransferace Test
42
Alpha-fetoprotein levels in pregnant women
Alpha-fetoprotein
43
amount of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in the blood stream
Alkaline Phosphatase Test
44
shows the level that could lead to either pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma
Lipase
45
could indicate cirrhosis and hepatitis
ammonia
46
could indicate liver disease cholesystisis
amylase
47
used to check diabetes
Glucose
48
shows the sodium values
Electrolytes
49
monitors therapeutic range to avoid toxic levels for drugs
Drug Analysis
50
to indicate renal impairment or muscular dystrophy
Creatinine
51
check muscle damage
Creatinine Kinase
52
Shows adrenal hypo and hyperfunction
Cortisol
53
indicates risk of cardiovascular disease
Total Cholesterol
54
Amount of Calcium in the blood
Blood Calcium
55
to help diagnose and manage certain type of cancer
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Test
56
level of CRP
C-reactive Protein High Sensitivity
57
acid base balance by measuring the pH, partial pressure of the carbon dioxide and oxygen
Arterial Blood Gases
58
Serum and autoimmune reactions in the blood
Serology and Immunology
59
What are the studies of serology and immunology
Bacterial Studies
Viral Studies
General Studies
60
The hormone is present when patient is pregnant
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Test
61
screens human immunodeficiency virus
Anti-HIV
62
a confirmatory test for CMV antibody
Cyromegalovirus Antibody
63
indicates rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid Factor
64
when positive , it indicative syphilis but still need confirmation
Rapid Plasma Reagin
65
confirms Syphilis
FTA-ABS
66
shows the presence of antibodies to specific organisms
Febrile Agglutination Test
67
check cases of atypical
Cold Agglutination
68
Test urine specimen
Urinalysis
69
3 division of Urinalysis
Physical Evaluation
Chemical Evaluation
Microscopic Evaluation
70
hematuria could be due to hemorrhage, infection, or trauma
blood
71
helps differentiate between obstructive jaundice and hemolytic jaundice
Bilirubin
72
Glucosoria maybe result of diabetes mellitus, renal impairment
Glucose
73
unconteolled diabetes
Ketones
74
Indicates UTI a lot of Neutrophils
Leukocyte
75
indicates acid base balance
pH
76
microorganisms in body fluids and tissue
Microbiology
77
Etiology unknown intestinal disorders
Ova and Parasite
78
allow microbial therapy while waiting for culture results
gram stain
79
if there is a growth of pathogenic microorganisms
Culture and sensitivity
80
shows the presence of helicobacter pylori
Campylobacter-like Organism Test
81
indicative of Bacteremia or septicaemia
blood culture
82
blood for transfusion
Blood bank/Immunohematology
83
What are the blood bank tests?
Antibody Screen
Direct antihuman-globulin test
ABO and Rh Type
Type and Crossmatch
Compatibility Testing
84
When Microorganisms invades the body
Infection
85
disease causing microbe
Pathogen
86
Can spread thru person to person
Communicable Disease
87
usually caused by infected personnel, patients, visitors, food, drugs or equipment
Healthcare-associated infection
88
usually caused by infected personnel, patients, visitors, food, drugs or equipment
Healthcare-associated infection
89
Pathogenic microbe such as virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoa, and rickettsia
Infectious Agent
90
place where the microbe could grow
Reservoir
91
wherein infectious agent can leave
Exit Pathway
92
Airborne, direct or indirect contact, droplets, vector and vehicle
Means of transmission
93
An infectious Agent enters a host
Entry Pathway
94
Who is prone to infection
Susceptible Host
95
Essential Part of standard precautions
Hand Hygiene
96
2 methods of Hand Hygiene
Routine Hand washing
Hand Antisepsis
97
Proper Donning
Lab gown
Cap
Facemask
Gloves
98
Proper Doffing
Gloves
Gown
Cap
Face Mask
99
what are the blood borne pathogen?
Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis D Virus
Hepatitis C Virus
100
Refers to any material that could be harmful to ones health
Biohazard
101
Used to prevent and protect clinical laboratories crom harmful incident caused by laboratory specimen that are potentially hazard
Biosafety
102
Biohazard Symbol and Radiation Symbol
Draw it in bond paper
103
biohazard exposure routes
Airborne
Ingestion
Non-intact skin
Percutaneous
Permucosal
104
How to prevent airborne disease
1.Observed proper handling practices
2. Wear PPE Properly
3. Use safety shield and guards
105
How to prevent Ingestion disease
1. Wash hand properly
2. Avoid Hand to mouth Activity
3. avoid placing item in the mouth
106
How to prevent Non-intact skin disease
1. Cover skin breaks or cuts with non-permeable
107
How to prevent percutaneous disease
1. use needle safety device
2. wear heavy duty utility gloves when cleaning broken glass
3. never never handle broken glass with bare hands
108
How to prevent Permucosal Disease
1. Observe proper handling to avoid aerosols and splashes
2. avoid rubbing and touching eyes, nose, and mouth
109
potential hazard dealing with electrical equipment
Electric Shock
110
Potential Hazard Dealing with fire
Fire
111
Five Classes of Fire
A-WATER BASED
B-BLOCKING OXYGEN TO SNUFF OUT
C-NON-CONDUCTING AGENT
D-POWDER AGENT IR SAND
K-AGENTS THAT PREVENT SPLASHING, COOLING AND SMOOTHERING FIRE
112
Should never be done in storing chemicals
1. storing chemicals above eye level
2. adding water to acid
3. Mixing chemicals indiscriminately
4. Storing chemical in unlabeled containers
5. Pouring chemicals into used or dirty containers
6. using chemicals in ways other than their intended uses
113
Symptoms of Shock
pale, clammy skin, rapid and weak pulse, increase and shallow breathing, expression less face and blank stare
114
done in a person suffering from cardiac arrest
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
115
Component of Personal Wellness
Personal Hygiene
Proper Nutrition
Enough Sleep
Regular exercise
Proper Post
Time to Relax
116
How to use Fire Extinguisher
PASS
PULL
AIM AT BASE OF FIRE
SQUEEZE HANDLE
SWEEP SIDE TO SIDE
117
Responsible for transporting throughout the body oxygenated blood from the heart ang lungs via arteries
Circulatory System
118
Main Components of Circulatory System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
119
Give me the Four Chamber of Heart
LEFT ATRIUM
RIGHT ATRIUM
LEFT VENTRICLE
RIGHT VENTRICLE
120
it is a fluid filled sac that Sorrounded the four chamber of heart
Pericardium
121
Enumerate the layers of the heart
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
122
Lines the valves and interior Chambers this is the thin layer of epithelial cell the inner layer of the heart
Endocardium
123
Pumps the blood into the arteries by contracting this is the thick layer cardiac muscles in the middle layer of the heart
Myocardium
124
thin watery membrane on the outer layer of the heart and covers the heart and is attached to pericardium
Epicardium
125
Upper right chamber, recieved deoxygenated blood in the body
Right Atrium
126
Lower Right chamber, recieves blood form the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery
Right Ventricle
127
Upper lEft chamber, recieves oxygenated blood from the Lungs and oumps it into the left ventricle
Left Atrium
128
Lower left chamber and it recieves blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
Left Ventricle
129
aortic valve located at the entrance of the aorta it closes the left ventricle relaxes Preventing blood from flowing back to the left ventricle
Left Semilunar valve
130
Pulmonary or pulmonic valve located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery it closes when right ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the right ventricle
Right Semilunar valve
131
bicuspid or mitral valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
left av valve
132
tricuspid valve between the right atrium and right ventricle it closes the right ventricle contracts preventing from to the right atrium
Right AV valve
133
partition that separates the right form left atria
Interatrial septum
134
separates the right and left ventricle
Interventincular Septum
135
heart recieves blood supply through the left and right coronary arteries and the coronaey veins returns oxygen-depleted blood form the heart muscle back tto the heart
Coronary Circulation
136
Systole and Diastole
Cardiac Cycle
137
Send electric impulses throughout the myocardium
Electrical conduction system
138
Represents of the cardiac cycles activity
Electrocardiogram
139
Lubb Dupp
Origin of the hearts sound
140
The average rate is 72 bpm and the cardiac outout refers to the volume of bloob pumped per minutes
Heart rate or cardiac output
141
a rhythmic throbbing resulting from the alternating expansion and contraction of the artery
pulse
142
exerted by the blood on walls of the vessel measure by sphygmomanometer
blood pressure
143
Inflammation of pericardial sac
pericarditis
144
known as heart attack
myocardial infarction
145
chronic progresaive condition that affects the pumping power of the heart muscle
congestive heart failure
146
bacteria enter and resides in the heart lining
Bacterial Endocarditis
147
murmuring sound
aortic stenosis
148
chest pain resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart
Angina Pectoris
149
List of diagnosis for heart disease
Arterial Blood Gases
Aspartate aminotransferace
Cholesterol
Creatinine Kinase
Digoxin
ECG
LDH LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYMES
microbial cultures
myoglobin
potassium
Triglycerides
Troponnin T
150
Is the loop consisting of a network of blood vessels through which blood is circulated to the rest of body
Vascular System
151
2 Main Division of Vascular system
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
152
Moves the blood between the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary Circulation
153
Moves the oxygenated blood and nutrients from the ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body
Systemic Circulation
154
What are the structures of the heart
Arteries
Arterioles
Veins
Venules
Capillaries
155
Fine hair-like blood vessles that connect arterioles and veins
Capillaries
156
Very small vein that collect blood from the capillaries
Venules
157
Tube with thin walls that carry deoxygenated blood from tissue to the heart
Veins
158
Small diametet blood vessels that branch out from the arteries and lead to the capillaries
Arterioles
159
Thick walled blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heat to the tissues of the body
Arteries
160
blood vessel structure
Layer (Tunica adventitia, Tunica media, Tunica intima)
Lumen
Valves
161
space inside the blood vessel where the blood flow
Lumen
162
Found in the vein these are thin Membranous leaflets that prevent backflow of blood
Valve
