pmls Flashcards
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MLS REVIEW
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● Matthew Dobson identified sugar in blood and urine.
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● William Hewson described coagulation.
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● Vivian Herrick traced MT in 1500 BC.
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● Robert Hooke discovered the cell while studying a thin slice of cork under the microscope.
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● Ayurveda- indian medicine focused on toxicology
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● According to Hippocrates the four humors of blood are: Blood
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Yellow Bile
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● Manila Public Health is 208 Quiricada Street
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Sta. Cruz
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● William Osler together with Prudden was the first to apply clinical pathology in medical
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diagnosing.
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● Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana authorized the first formal syllabus of Medical T echnology Education:
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● The first to introduce Medical T echnology in the Philippines: 26th Medical Infantry of the 6th US
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Army
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● Medical laboratory science is an active subject of innovative strategies and is confined in in
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laboratory diagnosis of diseases and infections
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● Positions in the array of healthcare providers are one of the demands of the profession
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but it still
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is not a priority.
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● Confidentiality of results in is the most important function of a hospital based clinical laboratory
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● Showing high priority for rendering services would be best demonstrated when MLS are
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conducting scientific research
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● Laboratory diagnosis is one field in laboratory medicine which involves a series of procedural
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methods.
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● Determination- The ability to complete the assigned tasks on time and the eagerness to achieve
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goals and objectives
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● Outstanding behavior and attitude is significantly needed in the practice
this would mean not
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only the establishment of good rapport with other persons
but also behavior while in a group and
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good vision of the chosen career.
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● Collaborative learner may prefer to join a group study to learn new concepts. A good illustration
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of this form of learning is performing laboratory experiments or the analysis of a case study.
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● Advantages of Job motivation: Creating power to change
Gaining positive perspective
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Building self esteem and capability
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● Competence- aspect of self determination and motivation theories that seeks to control the
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outcome and experience mastery
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● Job satisfaction- making a real difference in patients lives
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● Reflective Observation (RO)– learning by reflection
watching
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observation is a form of learning via reflection
watching
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● A medical laboratory scientist should be able to demonstrate accuracy in doing laboratory
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work
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● The traditional role of a medical technologist includes:- identification of bacteria
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● Histotechnologists are those who prepare very thin sections of the tissue for microscopic
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examination and are required to work quickly and under pressure since the result may be needed
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while the patient is in surgery.
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● Communicating effectively with patients
the public
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Healthy and positive work environment
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● Medical laboratory technology practitioners are motivated to develop and build self-esteem -
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obligation to one self
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● Malpractice- an act of negligence or omission of a healthcare service expected from a
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professional healthcare provider in which the care provided deviates from accepted standards of
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practice in the medical community and may result in injury or death of a patient.
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● Active euthanasia- it uses a device which has push buttons that release drugs or chemicals
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and contain a bottle each of saline or salt solution
sodium thiopental ( a coma-inducing drug).
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And a lethal mixture of potassium chloride that immediately stops the heart.
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● Stem cells may be taken from somatic cells
embryonic cells and amniotic cells
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● In order to pass the medical technology licensure examination
an examinee must obtain a
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general average of at least 75% and above in the written test.
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● RA 5527 is also known as the Philippine Medical T echnology Act of 1969.
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MLS REVIEW
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● Blood banking is also known as immunohematology
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● The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) is an agency of the government which is
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responsible in conducting the nationwide licensure examination for all professionals
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● Bioengineering
a promising field that deals with the use of genetic technologies in evaluating
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and diagnosing genetic disorder
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● Threat.
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- The likelihood for an adverse event to occur
as an expression of intention to inflict evil
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injury
disruption or damage
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● Biosafety risk assessment is concerned with fundamental biological properties of an agent and
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how the agents are used in the laboratory.
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● Risk Group Level 4- Agents that cause serious or fatal disease that often are not treatable;
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often are contagious
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● BSL - 2 = Work with agents that pose moderate hazards; lab should be restricted and
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containment procedures used during certain processes; use of biological safety cabinets
fume
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hoods
and autoclaves
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● Doning refers to putting on
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● Doffing refers to the act of removing the personal protective equipment
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● Enteric disease- disease of the intestine
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● Risk evaluation- determine the risk whether it is high or low
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● Risk assessment- informs the selection of appropriate laboratory biosafety
informs laboratory
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biosecurity risk mitigation
and measures to reduce likelihood and consequences of infection.
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● Risk characterization- It is the actual process of determining the likelihood and consequences
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of a particular risk within a Risk Assessment.
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● Laboratory management involves leadership skills and focus on patients and staffs.
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● The Department of Health categorizes clinical laboratories based on the extent of laboratory
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examination performed; the manpower strength; and the instruments
equipment
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required
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● A clinical laboratory is supervised by a pathologist who is a duly registered physician specially
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trained in methods of laboratory medicine.
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● Free-standing laboratory- It perform minor analysis and may submit collected samples to
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private or community laboratories for thorough analysis
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● A clinical laboratory that is solely for the patients of the physician need not to obtain a license to
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operate.
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● Complex laboratory tests like T3 & T4 and TSH by EIA methods are done in a tertiary clinical
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laboratory.
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● Acid alcohol is an incorrect decolorizer for Gram Staining.
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● Gram positive group retains Crystal Violet (PURPLE) after the primary stain
mordant
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and counterstain.
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● Anton van Leeuwenhoek is the father of microbiology
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● HbA1c is a long term monitoring test because hemoglobin is a protein found inside the RBC
the
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life span of RBC is approximately 120 days (2-3 months)
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● Red- test tube used most commonly in clinical chemistry
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● Antigen - A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body.
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● Antibody- Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system
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to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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● Serum- Liquid portion of blood depleted of clotting factors.
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● The tubes for spinal tap are pre-numbered. The first tube goes to Clinical Chemistry or
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Immunology. The second goes to Microbiology and the third goes to hematology. In case of a
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fourth tube it is considered as specimen control.
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● Agadtantra- ayurvedic toxicology
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● Cyanide - fastest acting poison
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● Triiodothyronine & Thyroxine- produced by the thyroid gland
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● Tau is protein biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease
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● HER 2
PR
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● Melatonin is referred to as the sleep hormone
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MLS REVIEW
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● Radiation- refers to the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles
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through space or through a material medium
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● Blotting- These are techniques for transferring DNA
RNA and proteins onto a carrier so they
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can be separated
and often follows the use of a gel electrophoresis
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● Arithmetic mean- the sum of all the values in a set of numbers divided by the number of values
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in that set
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● Youden plot is a type of quality control chart that is used to compare results obtained on a high
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and low control serum by several different laboratories.
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● Westgard multirule procedure aids in interpretation of control data.
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● Accuracy of an analytical result is the closeness with which the measured value agrees with the
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true value.
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● Precision is reproducibility.
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● Specificity is the percentage of individuals without the specific disease who are correctly
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identified or predicted by the test as not having the disease.
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● Random errors are deviations from the true value caused by unavoidable errors inherent in
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laboratory measurements
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● Variance is one way in which members of a group are dispersed about the mean
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● Reliability of an analytical procedure is its ability to maintain accuracy and precision over an
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extended period of time during which supplies
equipment
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change.
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● 120- preferred number of subjects that should participate to establish a reference interval for a
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new test
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● R4s- applies to a situation where one control point exceeds the mean by +2 s and a second
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control point exceeds the mean by -2 s?
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● Irradiation - a method involves sterilization of waste using cobalt
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● Autoclave - the most common method for treatment of healthcare wastes
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● Gas Sterilization - Utilizes ethylene oxide as a sterilizing agent and an air-tight chamber where
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wastes are fed in and treated. Not recommended in treatments of infectious wastes due to the
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toxicity of one of its sterilizing agents.
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● The Basel Convention on the Control of the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
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Wastes and Their Disposal - States that only legitimate transboundary shipments of hazardous
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waste are exported from countries that lack the facilities or expertise to safely dispose certain
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wastes to other countries that have both facilities and expertise
