pmls

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MLS REVIEW

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● Matthew Dobson identified sugar in blood and urine.

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● William Hewson described coagulation.

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● Vivian Herrick traced MT in 1500 BC.

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● Robert Hooke discovered the cell while studying a thin slice of cork under the microscope.

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● Ayurveda- indian medicine focused on toxicology

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● According to Hippocrates the four humors of blood are: Blood

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Yellow Bile

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● Manila Public Health is 208 Quiricada Street

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Sta. Cruz

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● William Osler together with Prudden was the first to apply clinical pathology in medical

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diagnosing.

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● Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana authorized the first formal syllabus of Medical T echnology Education:

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● The first to introduce Medical T echnology in the Philippines: 26th Medical Infantry of the 6th US

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Army

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● Medical laboratory science is an active subject of innovative strategies and is confined in in

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laboratory diagnosis of diseases and infections

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● Positions in the array of healthcare providers are one of the demands of the profession

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but it still

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is not a priority.

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● Confidentiality of results in is the most important function of a hospital based clinical laboratory

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● Showing high priority for rendering services would be best demonstrated when MLS are

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conducting scientific research

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● Laboratory diagnosis is one field in laboratory medicine which involves a series of procedural

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methods.

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● Determination- The ability to complete the assigned tasks on time and the eagerness to achieve

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goals and objectives

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● Outstanding behavior and attitude is significantly needed in the practice

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this would mean not

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only the establishment of good rapport with other persons

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but also behavior while in a group and

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good vision of the chosen career.

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● Collaborative learner may prefer to join a group study to learn new concepts. A good illustration

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of this form of learning is performing laboratory experiments or the analysis of a case study.

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● Advantages of Job motivation: Creating power to change

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Gaining positive perspective

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Building self esteem and capability

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● Competence- aspect of self determination and motivation theories that seeks to control the

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outcome and experience mastery

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● Job satisfaction- making a real difference in patients lives

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● Reflective Observation (RO)– learning by reflection

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watching

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observation is a form of learning via reflection

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watching

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● A medical laboratory scientist should be able to demonstrate accuracy in doing laboratory

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work

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● The traditional role of a medical technologist includes:- identification of bacteria

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● Histotechnologists are those who prepare very thin sections of the tissue for microscopic

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examination and are required to work quickly and under pressure since the result may be needed

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while the patient is in surgery.

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● Communicating effectively with patients

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the public

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Healthy and positive work environment

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● Medical laboratory technology practitioners are motivated to develop and build self-esteem -

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obligation to one self

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● Malpractice- an act of negligence or omission of a healthcare service expected from a

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professional healthcare provider in which the care provided deviates from accepted standards of

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practice in the medical community and may result in injury or death of a patient.

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● Active euthanasia- it uses a device which has push buttons that release drugs or chemicals

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and contain a bottle each of saline or salt solution

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sodium thiopental ( a coma-inducing drug).

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And a lethal mixture of potassium chloride that immediately stops the heart.

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● Stem cells may be taken from somatic cells

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embryonic cells and amniotic cells

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● In order to pass the medical technology licensure examination

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an examinee must obtain a

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general average of at least 75% and above in the written test.

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● RA 5527 is also known as the Philippine Medical T echnology Act of 1969.

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MLS REVIEW

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● Blood banking is also known as immunohematology

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● The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) is an agency of the government which is

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responsible in conducting the nationwide licensure examination for all professionals

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● Bioengineering

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a promising field that deals with the use of genetic technologies in evaluating

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and diagnosing genetic disorder

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● Threat.

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• The likelihood for an adverse event to occur

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as an expression of intention to inflict evil

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injury

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disruption or damage

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● Biosafety risk assessment is concerned with fundamental biological properties of an agent and

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how the agents are used in the laboratory.

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● Risk Group Level 4- Agents that cause serious or fatal disease that often are not treatable;

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often are contagious

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● BSL - 2 = Work with agents that pose moderate hazards; lab should be restricted and

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containment procedures used during certain processes; use of biological safety cabinets

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fume

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hoods

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and autoclaves

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● Doning refers to putting on

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● Doffing refers to the act of removing the personal protective equipment

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● Enteric disease- disease of the intestine

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● Risk evaluation- determine the risk whether it is high or low

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● Risk assessment- informs the selection of appropriate laboratory biosafety

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informs laboratory

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biosecurity risk mitigation

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and measures to reduce likelihood and consequences of infection.

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● Risk characterization- It is the actual process of determining the likelihood and consequences

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of a particular risk within a Risk Assessment.

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● Laboratory management involves leadership skills and focus on patients and staffs.

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● The Department of Health categorizes clinical laboratories based on the extent of laboratory

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examination performed; the manpower strength; and the instruments

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equipment

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required

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● A clinical laboratory is supervised by a pathologist who is a duly registered physician specially

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trained in methods of laboratory medicine.

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● Free-standing laboratory- It perform minor analysis and may submit collected samples to

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private or community laboratories for thorough analysis

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● A clinical laboratory that is solely for the patients of the physician need not to obtain a license to

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operate.

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● Complex laboratory tests like T3 & T4 and TSH by EIA methods are done in a tertiary clinical

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laboratory.

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● Acid alcohol is an incorrect decolorizer for Gram Staining.

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● Gram positive group retains Crystal Violet (PURPLE) after the primary stain

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mordant

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and counterstain.

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● Anton van Leeuwenhoek is the father of microbiology

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● HbA1c is a long term monitoring test because hemoglobin is a protein found inside the RBC

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the

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life span of RBC is approximately 120 days (2-3 months)

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● Red- test tube used most commonly in clinical chemistry

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● Antigen - A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body.

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● Antibody- Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system

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to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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● Serum- Liquid portion of blood depleted of clotting factors.

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● The tubes for spinal tap are pre-numbered. The first tube goes to Clinical Chemistry or

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Immunology. The second goes to Microbiology and the third goes to hematology. In case of a

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fourth tube it is considered as specimen control.

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● Agadtantra- ayurvedic toxicology

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● Cyanide - fastest acting poison

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● Triiodothyronine & Thyroxine- produced by the thyroid gland

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● Tau is protein biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease

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● HER 2

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PR

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● Melatonin is referred to as the sleep hormone

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MLS REVIEW

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● Radiation- refers to the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles

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through space or through a material medium

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● Blotting- These are techniques for transferring DNA

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RNA and proteins onto a carrier so they

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can be separated

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and often follows the use of a gel electrophoresis

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● Arithmetic mean- the sum of all the values in a set of numbers divided by the number of values

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in that set

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● Youden plot is a type of quality control chart that is used to compare results obtained on a high

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and low control serum by several different laboratories.

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● Westgard multirule procedure aids in interpretation of control data.

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● Accuracy of an analytical result is the closeness with which the measured value agrees with the

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true value.

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● Precision is reproducibility.

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● Specificity is the percentage of individuals without the specific disease who are correctly

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identified or predicted by the test as not having the disease.

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● Random errors are deviations from the true value caused by unavoidable errors inherent in

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laboratory measurements

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● Variance is one way in which members of a group are dispersed about the mean

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● Reliability of an analytical procedure is its ability to maintain accuracy and precision over an

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extended period of time during which supplies

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equipment

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change.

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● 120- preferred number of subjects that should participate to establish a reference interval for a

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new test

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● R4s- applies to a situation where one control point exceeds the mean by +2 s and a second

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control point exceeds the mean by -2 s?

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● Irradiation - a method involves sterilization of waste using cobalt

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● Autoclave - the most common method for treatment of healthcare wastes

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● Gas Sterilization - Utilizes ethylene oxide as a sterilizing agent and an air-tight chamber where

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wastes are fed in and treated. Not recommended in treatments of infectious wastes due to the

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toxicity of one of its sterilizing agents.

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● The Basel Convention on the Control of the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous

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Wastes and Their Disposal - States that only legitimate transboundary shipments of hazardous

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waste are exported from countries that lack the facilities or expertise to safely dispose certain

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wastes to other countries that have both facilities and expertise