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PMLS Flashcards

1
Q

Is an essential component of health institutions

A

Clinical laboratory

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2
Q

Is the place where specimens collected from individuals are processed,analyzed, preserved and properly disposed.

A

Clinical laboratory

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3
Q

What is the main task of a clinical laboratory?

A

To Provide accurate and reliable information to medical doctors for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and management of disease.

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4
Q

Is a clinical laboratory that focuses on clinical chemistry, immunohematology and blood banking, medical microbiology, immunology and serology, hematology, parasitology, clinical microscopy, toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring and endocrinology among others.

A

Clinical pathology

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5
Q

Is a clinical laboratory that focuses on the areas of histopathology, immunohistopathology, cytology, autopsy and forensic pathology among others.

A

Anatomic Pathology

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6
Q

Is a clinical laboratory that is not part of an established institutions.

A

Free standing

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7
Q

Clinical laboratory are owned, wholly or partially, by national or government unit’s.

A

Government owned

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8
Q

Clinical laboratories are owned, established, and operated by an individual, corporation, institution, association, or organization.

A

Privately owned

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9
Q

Clinical laboratories under this category
Are licenseed to perform basic, routine laboratory testing, namely urinalysis, routine stool examination, routine hematology or CBC that includes hematocrit, WBC and RBC count, WBC differential count and qualitative platelet count, blood typing, and gram staining (if hospital based).

A

Primary category

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10
Q

Equipment requirements are but not limited to, microscopes, centrifuge, hematocrit centrifuge.

A

Primary category

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11
Q

Space requirement is at least 10 square meters

A

Primary category

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12
Q

Clinical laboratories in this category are licensed to perform basic and routine laboratory testing along with routine clinical chemistry tests like blood glucose concentration, blood urea nitrogen, blood uric acid, blood creatinine, cholesterol determination, qualitative platelet count, and if hospital based gram staining, KOH mount and cross matching.

A

Secondary category

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13
Q

A minimum requirement of 20 square meters is needed for the floor area

A

Secondary category

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14
Q

Minimum equipment requirements are microscopes, centrifuge, hematocrit centrifuge, semi automated chemistry analyzer, autoclave, incubator, and oven

A

Secondary category

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15
Q

Clinical laboratories under this category are licensed to perform all the laboratory tests performed by the previous categories plus immunology and serology (e.g., NS1-Ag for dengue, rapid plasma regain, Treponema pallium particle agglutination tests) microbiology, bacteriology, and mycology, ….etc

A

Tertiary category

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16
Q

Have a minimum floor area requirement of at least 60 square meters.

A

Tertiary category

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17
Q

Equipment requirements include those seen in previous categories along with automated chemistry analyzer, Bio safety cabinet class II, serofuge, among others

A

Tertiary category

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18
Q

Is a clinical laboratory in a government hospital designated by the DOH to provide special diagnostic functions and services for certain diseases.

A

National reference Laboratory

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19
Q

An act regulating the operation and maintenance of Clinical laboratories and requiring the registration of the same with the department of health, providing penalty for the violation thereof and for other purposes

A

RA 4688

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20
Q

RA 4688

A

Republic act of clinical Laboratory act of 1966.

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21
Q

What is the Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001

A

Rules and regulation governing the Establishment, Operation and Maintenance if Clinical laboratories in the Philippines

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22
Q

This section is intended for the testing of blood and other bodily fluids to quantity Essential soluble chemicals including waste products useful for the diagnosis of certain diseases.

A

Clinical Chemistry

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23
Q

What are the 2 most common bodily fluids subjected for analysis

A

Blood and urine

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24
Q

3 important activities that medical technologists perform and are responsible for

A

Internal Quality Assurance (IQA)
Continuous quality improvement (CQA)
National External quality assurance (NEQAP)

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25
Q

This section Is considered to be the busiest

A

Clinical chemistry

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26
Q

Is characterized as a state of the art fully automated facility

A

Clinical chemistry

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27
Q

The work In this section is more focused on the identification of bacteria and fungi on specimens received

A

Microbiology

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28
Q

Tests include the microscopic visualization of microorganisms after staining, isolation, and identification of bacteria and fungi using varied culture media.

A

Microbiology

29
Q

Looks into the identification of mycobacterium (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

A

Mycobacteriology

30
Q

Although not as automated as clinical chemistry, automated instruments are available such as those used for blood culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing

A

Microbiology

31
Q

This section deals with enumeration of cells in the blood and other bodily fluids

A

Hematology and Coagulation studies

32
Q

The examination done in this section include CBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count and differential count, red cell morphology and cell indices, quantitative platelet count, total cell count and differential count, blood smear preparation, and staining for other bodily fluids.

A

Hematology and Coagulation studies

33
Q

This Focuses on blood testing for the determination of various coagulation factors.

A

Coagulation studies

34
Q

There are also developments and innovations that contribute to the automation of activites in this section

A

Hematology and Coagulation studies

35
Q

Bone marrow examination using automated analyzers is also conducted in this section

A

Hematology and Coagulation studies

36
Q

There are 2 major areas in this section of the laboratory.

A

Clinical Microscopy

Urinalysis

Fecalysis

37
Q

Routine and other special examination of urine such as macroscopic examinations to detect presence of abnormal cells and or parasites as well as to quantify red blood cells and WBC as well as other chemicals found in urine

A

Clinical Microscopy 1st area

38
Q

Is assigned to the examination of stool or routine fecalysis. detection and identification of parasitic worms and ova are the primary activities in this area

A

Clinical Microscopy 2nd area

39
Q

What are the cellular components of blood

A

Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Macrophage
Erythrocyte
Platelet/thrombocyte

40
Q

In some laboratories hormones in the blood and urine are also measured under__________

A

Endocrinology

41
Q

_______Are used for collecting blood for Hematology, Coagulation studies, Clinical Chemistry, Immunohematology, and serology

A

Vacutainer

42
Q

Screening for all antibodies as well as the blood components used for transfusion are also conducted in this section

A

Blood banking/immunohematology

43
Q

What are the 2 main activities performed in Blood bank/immunohematology

A

Blood typing and compatibility testing

44
Q

This section is considered as the most critical in the clinical laboratory

A

Blood bank/Immunohematology

45
Q

Analysis of serum antibodies in certain infectious agents (primarily viral agents) are performed in this section.

A

Immunology and serology

46
Q

Hepatitis B profile tests, serological tests for syphilis and tests for hepatitis C and dengue fever are some examples of antibody screening tests.

A

Immunology and Serology

47
Q

Activities performed in this section include tissue (removed surgically as in biopsy and autopsy) processing, cutting Into sections, staining, and perpetration for microscopic examination by a pathologist

A

Histopathology/Cytology

48
Q

Is a specialized section of the laboratory that combines anatomical, clinical, and biochemical techniques where antibodies bounded to enzymes and florescent dyes are used to detect presence of antigens in tissues

A

Immunohistochemistry

49
Q

Is useful in the diagnosis of Cancers

A

Immunohistochemistry

50
Q

One of the exciting developments in medical technology

A

Molecular biology and Biotechnology

51
Q

Primarily using different enzymes and other reagents, DNA and RNA are identified and sequenced to detect pathologic conditions/disease processes.

A

Molecular biology and Biotechnology

52
Q

This technique has contributed to scientific advancements in laboratory research and is useful for a number of clinical techniques such as screening genetic indicators of disease and diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases

A

Molecular biology and Biotechnology

53
Q

Encompasses all activities starting from a medical doctor writing a laboratory request up to the (TAT) the results are generated and become useful information for the treatment and management of patients.

A

Laboratory Testing cycle

54
Q

What are the 3 phases of laboratory testing cycles

A

Pre analytic
Analytic
Post analytic

55
Q

This phase includes the receipt of the laboratory request, patient preparation, specimen collection, and proper transport and proccesing of specimen to the clinical laboratory

A

Pre analytic phase

56
Q

This phase deals with the actual testing of the submitted/collected specimen

A

Analytic phase

57
Q

This phase includes the transmission of test results to the medical doctor for interpretation, TAT and application of doctors recommendations.

A

Post analytic phase

58
Q

Encompasses all activities performed by laboratory personnel to ensure reliability of test results

A

Quality Assurance (QA)

59
Q

Quality Assurance has 2major components what are they

A

Internal Quality Assurance system and External quality assurance system

60
Q

Includes day to day activities that are undertaken in order to control factors or variables that may affect test results.

A

IQAS

61
Q

Is a system for checking performance among clinical laboratories and is facilitated by designated external agency’s

A

EQAS

62
Q

Is the DOH’s designated external quality assurance system

A

National reference Laboratory (NRL)

63
Q

The designated NRL-EQAS are

A

NKTI
RITM
LCP
EAMC
SACCL

64
Q

NKTI

A

National kidney transplant institution-hematology and Coagulation

65
Q

RITM

A

Research Institute of Tropical Medicine- microbiology and parasitology

66
Q

LCP

A

Lung center of the Philippines - clinical chemistry

67
Q

EAMC

A

East Avenue Medical Center- drugs of abuse

68
Q

SACCL

A

San Lazaro Hospital STD-AIDS cooperative center laboratory
-infectous immunology hepatitis B surface antigen, HIV, HCV

PMLS (2 decks)

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