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PMHP Flashcards

1
Q

At population level, name 3 methods of fluoride delivery

A

Water flouridation

Flouridated salt

School milk

School water fluoridation

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2
Q

Name 6 components of clinical governance

A

Clinical effectiveness

Risk management

Education and training

Clinical audit

Openness

Research and development

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3
Q

What are the stages of an audit?

A

Identify problem/issue

Set criteria and standards

Observe practice/data collection

Compare performance with criteria and standards

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4
Q

What two things should be done after an audit cycle?

A

Implement changes

Repeat the audit

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5
Q

You see two nurses wearing uniform in public, what two concerns does this raise?

A

Infection control

Practice and profession reputation

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6
Q

You decide to give staff working in your practice a learning session on PPE. Name 6 learning outcomes from this session

A

* Wear PPE at all times when dealing with procedures

* Wear PPE when cleaning up

* Change PPE between patients

* Correct disposal of PPE after useage and soiling

* During decontamination; protect eyes, hands and clothing with the use of PPE

* Protect patients eyes and clothing

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7
Q

How would you check staff are following instructions regarding the use of PPE?

A

Clinical audit

Regular inspection by supervisor

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8
Q

What is PICO?

A

Population

Intervention

Comparison

Outcome

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9
Q

What two things could show that a study was random?

A

Randomised control trial

Computer generated assignment

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10
Q

Why is cleaning an important prerequisite before disinfection and sterilising?

A

Removes gross debris

Removes restorative material

Restores function

Aids disinfection

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11
Q

Why is it important to test the washer disinfector and steriliser?

A

To ensure the machines are clean

To ensure they are working as expected

Medicaolegal requirement

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12
Q

What are the 5 cycles of the washer disinfector and explain

A

Flush - sprays water at instruments

Wash - uses detergent and power of water

Rinse - removes detergent

Disinfection - uses steam

Dry - Dries instruments

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13
Q

What are the 3 categories of sterilisers?

A

S, B, N

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14
Q

Why shouldnt instruments be dried with paper towel?

A

Small pieces can come off and stick. Use non-linting towel

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15
Q

Why should a type B steriliser be used?

A

B = best

Active air removal

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16
Q

What is clinical governance?

A

Systematic approach to maintaining and improving the standard of patient care in a health system

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17
Q

What are the dimensions of healthcare/clinical governance?

A

Patient centred, safe, effective, efficient, equitable, timely

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18
Q

What are three divisions of NHS scotland dental services?

A

Primary care = General practice and public dental services

Secondary care = hospital services

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19
Q

How many hours of CPD should be completed in each cycle?

A

100 hours in any 5 year cycle with no fewer than ten hours in any two year cycle

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20
Q

What are the core CPD topic requirements and how many hours are advised?

A

Medical emergencies 10 hours

Radiology 5 hours

Decontamination 5 hours

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21
Q

List the 9 GDC standards

A
  1. Put patients interests first
  2. Communicate effectively with patients
  3. Obtain valid consent
  4. Protect patient information
  5. Have a clear and easy complaints procedure
  6. Work with colleagues in patients best interest
  7. Maintain, develop and work within own skills
  8. Raise concerns if patients are at risk
  9. Behave professionally and maintain patient confidence in you and the profession
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22
Q

Name 6 members of the dental team registered with the GDC

A

Dentist

Dental nurse

Hygienist

Therapist

Technician

Clinical technician

Orthodontic therapist

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23
Q

What chemicals are used to clean a blood spill?

A

Sodium hypochlorite or sodium dichloroisocyanurate >10,000ppm

24
Q

How long are chemicals for a blood spill applied?

A

3-5 minutes

25
Q

Give waste streams and an example for each

A

Black - domestic waste

Orange - Low risk ie PPE

Sharps box - sharps

Red hazardous - amalgam

Yellow hazardous - teeth

26
Q

What document is a GDP required to keep for waste disposal. How long for? What should be on it?

A

Consignment note

Kept for 3 years

Description, destination, quantity, origin, and transport

27
Q

What are the four principles of waste disposal?

A
  1. Segregation
  2. Storage
  3. Disposal
  4. Document
28
Q

List the chain of infection

A

Infectious agent - reservoir - portal of exit - mode of transmission - portal of entry - susceptible host

29
Q

What is the sinner circle?

A

Time, temperature, chemical, energy

30
Q

Name 10 SICPs

A
  1. Cough etiquitte
  2. Hand hygiene
  3. Equipment management
  4. Waste disposal
  5. Fluid management
  6. Linen management
  7. Environmental control
  8. Sharps exposure
  9. PPE
  10. Patient placement
31
Q

What are the 4 pillars of ethics?

A
  1. Non maleficence
  2. Beneficence
  3. Justice
  4. Pt autonomy
32
Q

What is negligence?

A

The omission to do something which a resonable practitioner would do, or doing something that a reasonable practitioner would not do

33
Q

How long should patient notes be kept for?

A

Minimum of 3 years

Ideally 11 years or until the age of 25 for children

34
Q

What should notes be?

A

Confidential

Accurate

Legible

Complete

Retrievable

Current

Retained

35
Q

Who is on the GDC board?

A
36
Q

What are the 7 stages of significant event analysis?

A
  1. Identify event
  2. Collect information
  3. Set meeting to discuss
  4. Meet and analyse
  5. Implement changes and monitor
  6. Write up SEA
  7. Seek external feedback
37
Q

What factors make consent valid?

A

Recent

Specific

Remains appropriate

38
Q

What type of study provides the highest level of evidence?

A

Systematic review of randomised control tials. Cochrane review

39
Q

List 4 aspects of systematic review of RCTs

A

Randomised

Controlled

Blinded

Inclusion/exclusion criteria

40
Q

Give 3 study designs

A

Cohort - prospective

Case control - retrospective

Case study - one patient

41
Q

What is incidence?

A

The number of new cases over a specific time

42
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Number of cases at a time

43
Q

What is SIMD

A

Scottish index of multiple deprevation

A tool for identifying areas of povery and inequality across Scotland

44
Q

Give 5 factors influencing deprevation

A

Unemployment

Income

Education

Crime

Access to health care

Environment

Housing

45
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Alzheimers?

A

Memory, comprehension, cognition, emotional instability, communication skills, aggression, confusion

46
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Parkinsons?

A

Resting tremor

Mask like face

Rigidity

Slow movement

Bradykinesia

47
Q

What complications are there for dental treatment for patients with dementia or Parkinsons?

A

Consent

Poor OH

Poor denture care

Pain unrecognised

Tremor

Communication

48
Q

What are the principles of the adults with incapacity act 2000?

A
  1. Treatment must benefit patient
  2. Minimal necessary intervention
  3. Account for patients past wishes
  4. Consult with relavent others
  5. Encourage residual capacity
49
Q

What is capacity?

A

Pt can understand the treatment

Pt is informed

Pt can retain the information

Pt can communicate their choice

50
Q

Who can consent under the AWI 2000?

A

Welfare power of attorney or welfare guardianship

51
Q

What are the advantages of a split mouth study design?

A

Both control and intervention exposed to same environment

52
Q

What are the disadvantages of a split mouth study design?

A

Patient cannot be blinded

53
Q

What is confidence interval?

A

Representation of study findings to real world population. Worked out using effect size and sample size relative to the true population. 95% likelihood of repeat results

54
Q

What is the decontamination cycle?

A

Cleaning - disinfection - (disposal) - packaging - sterilisation - transport - storage - use

55
Q

Give 4 legislations for decontamination

A

Consumer protection act

Health and safety at work act 2014

NHS (GDC) Scotland Regulation act

Medical devices directive

56
Q

Give 5 common reasons for handpiece faults

A
  1. Air pressure
  2. Incorrect bur
  3. Incorrect use
  4. Poor cleaning
  5. Poor lubrication

Final Flashcards (13 decks)

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