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PM3A copy (dvw) > (PM3A) Reproductive Health > Flashcards

(PM3A) Reproductive Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is reproductive health?

A

Branch of medicine

Morphology/ physiology/ pathology/ biochemistry

Of reproduction

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2
Q

What is the difference between a male and a female sex hormone?

A

Ketone -> Alcohol

Additional methyl group

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3
Q

What is the most important and abundant steroid in the human body?

A

Cholesterol

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4
Q

What are steroids considered to have evolved to be?

A

Key signalling format

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5
Q

What is the role of steroids in signalling?

A

Cell to cell signalling

Transmits a message to nucleus of cells

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6
Q

How is the fused ring system of a steroid labeled?

A

A/B/C/D

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7
Q

What are the minimum number of carbon in a steroid?

A

18/ 19

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8
Q

How are carbons numbered?

A

Anticlockwise

Beginning at A

Ending at D

Beginning at 12 o’clock of A ring

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9
Q

What are different steroids characterised?

A

Based on number of carbons

Estrane - 18
Androstane - 19
Pregnant - 21
Cholane - 24

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10
Q

What is estrone (E1)?

A

Weak form of oestrogen (low potency)

Only type found in women following menopause

Small amounts present in most tissues of the body

Primarily found in muscle + fat

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11
Q

What is estradiol (E2)?

A

Strongest form of oestrogen

Produced by the ovaries

NOT present following menopause

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12
Q

What is estriol (E3)?

A

Weakest form of oestrogen (lowest potency)

Waste product made after the body has use estradiol

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13
Q

What are some examples of estranes?

A

(1) Estrone – E1

(2) Estradiol – E2

(3) Estriol – E3

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14
Q

What is the role of natural oestrogens?

A

(1) Development of female secondary sexual characteristics

(2) Stimulate myometrial hypertrophy with endometrial hyperplasia

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15
Q

Which type of oestrogens are more appropriate for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

A

Natural oestrogens more so than synthetic oestrogens

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16
Q

What is estradiol used for clinically?

A

(1) Menopausal symptoms

(2) Osteoporosis prophylaxis

(3) Improvement of vaginal epithelium

17
Q

How can estradiol be administered?

A

(1) Orally

(2) Vaginally

(3) Topically

(4) Transdermal patch

18
Q

What is estriol used for clinically?

A

(1) Improvement of vaginal epithelium in menopausal atrophic vaginitis

(2) Prior to surgery for vaginal prolapse (where there is epithelial atrophy) in post-menopausal women

19
Q

How can estriol be administered?

A

Vaginally

20
Q

What is an example of a synthetic oestrogen?

A

Ethinylestradiol

21
Q

What is ethinylestradiol?

A

Synthetic oestrogen

Modified estradiol

Widely used as an oral contraceptive in combination with progestins

PM3A copy (dvw) (28 decks)

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