PM Asthma, atelectasis, pleural effusion Flashcards
what is chronic about asthma
chronic inflm of the airway
the airways is hyper-responsive
there are recurrent, reversible bronchospasm
(it is chronic but it has episodes)
what is reversible about asthma
asthma has reversible episodes of airway obstruction that is due to
- inflm
- muscle hyperactivity (of the airway->spasm)
asthma is?? also? other than reverisble episodes of a/w obstr and chronic inflm of the a/w
other allergic disorders
et of asthma
- complex trait
- genetic and enviro factors
- hypersensitivity to stimuli (these are triggers)
- allergens
- a/w irritants
- exercise
- strong odours
- cold air
fig 29.6
d
fig 29.6
f
fi
fig 29.6
f
differences in time of early vs late phase in relation to timing
early phase peaks in 5min
late phase is more progressive and can last months
why does the late phase last so long
there is a cyclic inflm that attracts more inflm cells etc.
does the early or late phase have mucus
late
what is necessary for the acute phase response to occur
prior sensitization to allergen (TYpe 1 hypersensitivyt0
what happens acute phase after subseq exposure
allergen binds to IgE coated mast cells->mediator release->inflm
- intercellular junction open->allergens enter submucosa
- inc permb and increased mucus secretion->edema of the airways
- PNS stimulated to bronchospasm
- dyspnea and wheezing
- a/w constriction (compensatory)
is the bronchospasm from PNS beneficial in the acute phase of asthma
no
how long does acute phase last
what could alter this
up to 1hr (unless they take their meds to stop/prevent it
how is the a/w constriction compensatory that occurs in acute phase response
eg in inhale smoke or irritant the a/w contricts to limit amount of irritant that gets in. the a/w constriction will further irritate the asthma)
why does wheezing sound the way it does
blowing through a narrow tube
what occurs in the late phase response of asthma
peak
what type of mnfts do you see
peaks in 4-8hrs
mnfts (dyspnea, wheezing, edema of a/w, a/w constriction persist)
what occurs in the late phase response of asthma
self sustaining cycle of exacerbation
can last days to weeks
-there is influx of inflm cells (basophils, eosinophils etc)
-epithelial damage
-dec mucociliary fx
-hyperresponsive a/w
-respond to new triggers (eg cold air)
-freq and severe episodeswhy is the a/w hyperresponsive in late phase of asthma
d/t inflm change
do recurrent attacks get better o worse
they get worse d/t cumulative damage
there are EPISODES they are NOT periods of exacerbation and remission
which receptors cause broncho contriction and dilation
alpha adrenergic receptors cause bronchoconstriction
beta adrenergic receptors cause bronchodilation
