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Radiology 142 > Plus minus chart > Flashcards

Plus minus chart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the degree of blackening?

A

Density

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2
Q

What is the number of different shades of gray?

A

contrast resolution

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3
Q

What is the misrepresentation of size or shape of an object?

A

Distortion

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4
Q

What is the sharpness of structural lines?

A

recorded detail

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5
Q

What is the ability to image small parts?

A

spatial resolution

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6
Q

Distortion is controlled by what?

A

distance (SID)/angle of tube

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7
Q

Recorded detail is affected by?

A

SID, OID, Patient thickness

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8
Q

Distortion and recorded detail are related how?

A

inversely- when one increases/decreases opposite happens to the other

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9
Q

What is mAs?

A

the number of xrays

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10
Q

If mAs increases what happens to density?

A

increases (it is proportional)

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11
Q

If mAs increases what happens to patient dose?

A

patient dose increases because the amount of xrays going to the patient is higher

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12
Q

If mAs increases what happens to contrast?

A

no effect

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13
Q

If mAs increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect because there is no change in distance or angle on tube

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14
Q

If mAs increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect (ex: sign on road at night its still there just gets darker)

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15
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to density?

A

increases because image gets darker as exposure increases

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16
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to contrast?

A

no effect

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17
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

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18
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

decreases, expose longer= more time for patient to move= image gets blurry

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19
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to patient dose?

A

increases

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20
Q

If kVp increases what happens to density?

A

increases, if kvp increases mas is halved if kvp decreases mas is doubled (15% rule)

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21
Q

If kVp increases what happens to contrast?

A

Decreases

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22
Q

If kVp increases what happens to patient dose?

A

decreases, if kvp increases there is more penetrability = less patient dose, if kvp decreases there is less penetrability= more patient dose

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23
Q

If kVp increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

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24
Q

If kVp increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect (image is still recorded doesn’t matter if we see it because its still there)

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25
Q

What controlls kVp?

A

contrast/scatter/penetrability

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26
Q

High kvp=_____ scale

A

short

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27
Q

Low kvp=____ scale

A

long

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28
Q

If SID increases what happens to density?

A

decreases (less beam at the IR)

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29
Q

If SID increases what happens to contrast?

A

no effect

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30
Q

If SID increases what happens to patient dose?

A

decreases (the greater the SID the less dose)

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31
Q

If SID increases what happens to distortion?

A

decreases (greater SID= decreases magnification)

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32
Q

If SID increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

Increases (inversely related to distortion)

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33
Q

If OID increases what happens to density?

A

no effect

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34
Q

If OID increases what happens to contrast?

A

increases (if air gap) no effect if regular

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35
Q

If OID increases what happens to patient dose?

A

no effect

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36
Q

If OID increases what happens to distortion?

A

increases

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37
Q

If OID increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

decreases (inversely related to distortion)

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38
Q

Higher OID= _____ contrast

A

shorter

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39
Q

Roles of OID?

A

Air gap technique, acts as a grid

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40
Q

If Patient thickness increases what happens to density?

A

decreases

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41
Q

If Patient thickness increases what happens to contrast?

A

decreases (more scatter=decrease contrast)

42
Q

If Patient thickness increases what happens to patient dose?

A

increases

43
Q

If Patient thickness increases what happens to distortion?

A

increases (more OID)

44
Q

If Patient thickness increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

decreases (inversely related to distortion)

45
Q

For a thicker patient you would use ____ kvp which equals ____ scatter?

A

more, more

46
Q

OID _____ if patient thickness increases?

A

increases

47
Q

If field size (collimation) increases what happens to density?

A

increases (open film is blacker)

48
Q

If field size (collimation) increases what happens to contrast?

A

decreases (expose more tissue= more scatter)

49
Q

If field size (collimation) increases what happens to patient dose?

A

increases

50
Q

If field size (collimation) increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

51
Q

If field size (collimation) increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect (effects visibility but the image is still there)

52
Q

If voltage waveform increases happens to density?

A

increase (more xrays in beam= more penetrability)

53
Q

If voltage waveform increases happens to contrast?

A

decrease

54
Q

If voltage waveform increases happens to patient dose?

A

decrease

55
Q

If voltage waveform increases happens to distortion?

A

no effect

56
Q

If voltage waveform increases happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect (image is still recorded doesn’t matter if we can see it)

57
Q

Ripple half wave is?

A

100%

58
Q

full wave?

A

100%

59
Q

3 phase 6 pulse?

A

14%

60
Q

3 phase 12 pulse?

A

4%

61
Q

high frequency?

A

1%

62
Q

If less ripple=____ technique needed?

A

lower

63
Q

If filtration increases what happens to density?

A

decreases (less photons hitting the IR)

64
Q

If filtration increases what happens to contrast?

A

decreases ( higher energy beam hits IR= high scale contrast=less gray)

65
Q

If filtration increases what happens to patient dose?

A

decreases

66
Q

If filtration increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

67
Q

If filtration increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect (image is still recorded)

68
Q

High scale contrast=_____ gray

A

less

69
Q

If grid ratio increases what happens to density?

A

decreases (less photons hitting the IR)

70
Q

If grid ratio increases what happens to contrast?

A

increase (reducing scatter allows higher energy photons to hit the IR)

71
Q

If grid ratio increases what happens to patient dose?

A

increases

72
Q

If grid ratio increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

73
Q

If grid ratio increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect

74
Q

The job of the grid ratio is to?

A

increase contrast

75
Q

If focal spot size increases what happens to density?

A

no effect

76
Q

If focal spot size increases what happens to contrast?

A

no effect

77
Q

If focal spot size increases what happens to patient dose?

A

no effect

78
Q

If focal spot size increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect (no angle or change in distance)

79
Q

If focal spot size increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

decrease (smaller focal spot= more recorded detail, bigger focal spot=worse detail)

80
Q

Focal spot size is a determining factor that effects?

A

spatial resolution

81
Q

Where is the effective focal spot located?

A

@ tube window

82
Q

Where is the actual focal spot located?

A

anode

83
Q

If contrast media increases what happens to density?

A

decreases (less density if more contrast)

84
Q

If contrast media increases what happens to contrast?

A

increases

85
Q

If contrast media increases what happens to patient dose?

A

no effect

86
Q

If contrast media increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

87
Q

If contrast media increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect ( adding contrast doesn’t change recorded detail it makes it easier to see detail)

88
Q

If film speed increases what happens to density?

A

increases (doubles density)

89
Q

If film speed increases what happens to contrast?

A

no effect (darks and lights decreases but the space between stays the same)

90
Q

If film speed increases what happens to patient dose?

A

decreases

91
Q

If film speed increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

92
Q

If film speed increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

decreases (reduces detail)

93
Q

If film speed increases use ____ xrays?

A

fewer

94
Q

Increase film speed= ____ sensitive

A

more

95
Q

Film speed controls the?

A

number of xrays (ma/time/mAs)

96
Q

If screen speed increases what happens to density?

A

increases

97
Q

If screen speed increases what happens to contrast?

A

no effect

98
Q

If screen speed increases what happens to patient dose?

A

decreases

99
Q

If screen speed increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

100
Q

If screen speed increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

decreases

101
Q

Soft tissue and extremity use what technique?

A

low kVp high mAs

Radiology 142 (5 decks)

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