Plural Policing

Question 1

The concept of police (occupational) culture may broadly be defined as ‘values, norms, perspectives and craft rules that inform police conduct’ True or False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Key elements of police culture are argued to be:
A. Sexism
B. A liberal outlook
C. Cynicism 
D. A &B only

Answer 2

D. A &B Only

Question 3

In the week 4 core reading, Tim Newburn also discusses the concept of police culture. Newburn refers to the work of Ianni & Ianni (1983) who made an important distinction between:
A. Field & Habitus of policing
B: Street Cops and Management Cops
C. Cultural Dopes and Cultural Tropes
D. Canteen Culture and Cop Culture

Answer 3

B. Street Cops and Management Cops

Question 4

Which of the below (if any) are examples of plural policing?
A. Commercial (private policing)
B. Civilianisation of the public police
C. Neither AorB
D. Both A&B

Answer 4

D. Both A&B

Question 5

In relation to plural policing, the terms ‘citizen policing’ and ‘civilianisation of policing’ mean the same thing. True or False

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Which of the below are examples of private policing?
A. Civilian police employee working at the front reception in Boscombe police station
B. Private security officer working at AFC Bournemouth on Match Day
C. A Private detective in Poole
D. B&C only

Answer 6

D. B&C only

Question 7

There are 2 broad categories of vigilantism. What are they?
A. Active and Paramilitary
B. Active and Passive
C. Passive and Neighbourhood Watch
D. Hells Angels and Guardian Angels

Answer 7

B. Active and Passive

Neighbourhood Watch is a form of Passive Vigilance
Guardian Angels, Northern Ireland paramilitary groups (etc.) are examples of
Active Vigilantism

Question 8

Which of the below have been put forward as explanations for the growth of Private Policing?
A. The growth of mass private property
B. Financial crisis (in public police)
C. Shortcomings of the public police
D. All of the above

Answer 8

D. All of the above

Explanations include:

• Financial crisis
• Shortcomings of public police
• Growth of ‘mass private property’
• Privatization
• Marketing
• International and transnational policing

Question 9

Which of the below is a concern relating to the recent growth of private policing?
A. It seems very fragmented
B. Lack of accountability
C. Equity/Fairness - i.e. only people with resources can pay for it
D. All of the above

Answer 9

D. All of the above

Question 10

According to Week 5 lecture notes, the most visible and obvious form of private policing is Police Community Support Officers. True or False

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Name the 3 types of private/commercial policing

Answer 11

Staffed Services:

• Personal eg. bodyguards
• Property eg. bank security guards

Security Equipment:

• CCTV
• Alarm systems

Investigation:

• Private detectives
• Bailiffs

Question 12

Financial Crisis
Shortcomings of public police
Growth of 'mass private property'
Privatisation 
Marketing
and
International and transnational policing 
Are examples of what?

Answer 12

Explanations for growth of private policing

Question 13

What are the key contemporary problems or concerns relating to the growth of private/commercial forms of policing? (3)

Answer 13

• Fragmentation / coordination
• Governance / accountability / legitimacy
• Equity