plumbing science Flashcards
what is brass
brass is alloy.
what is aluminium
aluminium is a non ferrous and is the most abundant metal on earth.
2 non ferrous metals
lead is normal the galina ore zinc usually occurs in thin veins known as rakes or as a secondary deposit.
what are non ferrous metals
non ferrous metals are those that do not contain iron. They do not rust. However , they can corrode over time.
what are ferrous metals
ferrous metals contain iron , such as steel and cast iron. Ferrous metals corrode easily in the presence of water and air.
what are plastics
plastics play a huge part in the installation of modern plumbing systems. Most systems can now be installed in some sort of plastic material, be it cold water , hot water , central heating or sanitation systems.
what is polybutylene
it is used for push fit hot and cold water installations
what is abs
water supply - potable water for apartments
what is copper used for
tubes fittings , heat exchangers.
what is brass used for
compression fittings, boiler components
what is bronze used for
heat exchangers where the risk of corrosion is high
what is gun metal used for
compression fittings , boiler components
what is zinc used for
used in its molten state as galvanising for galvanised low carbon steel tubes and fittings.
what is iron used for?
in its cast form it is used for cast iron pipes , gutters and boiler heat exchangers.
what is lead used for?
sheet roof weathering.
what are ceramic tiles for?
they have many applications and used extensively in bathrooms
what is fir clay for?
is used for heavy duty appliances, such as Belfast sinks , London sinks
what is sheer strength?
the maximum force a material can withstand when being twisted
what is ductility ?
the amount that a material can be pulled, pushed , stretched or deformed without breaking
what is elasticity?
the length that a material can be stretched and returned to its original length.
what is specific heat capacity?
the amount of heat required to raise 1kg of a substance through 1 degree C
what is the formula for specific heat capacity?
specific heat value x kg x temperature rise 1kg of water to rise 5 degree C
what is linear expansion?
length of material x the temperature rise x the coefficient of expansion for that material.
what is galvanic corrosion?
where one metal corrodes preferably when it is in electrical contact.
what is evaporation?
when liquid turns into a gas.
what is electrolytic corrosion?
the further away metals are in the electromotive series , quicker the electrolytic corrosion takes place.
what is freezing?
when a liquid turn into gas
what is condensation?
when a gas turns into liquid - when it rains or when water droplets form on cold surface.
what is the chemical symbol for water?
the chemical symbol for water is H20.
what is the boiling point of water?
the boiling point of water is 100 degrees C
what is the maximum density of water?
the maximum density of water is 4 degrees C
what temperature does water freeze at?
water freezes at 0 degrees C or 273 K
what are water softeners?
the only way to fully remove hard water is to install a water softener.
what is flow rate?
the amount of fluid that flows through a pipe at a given.
what is velocity?
the rate at which an object changes its position taking into account speed and direction.
what is force?
an influence on an object that may cause it to move
which ways can heat be transferred?
conduction, convection, radiation.
what is radiation?
this is heat transfer via infrared light.
what types of gasses are used in the plumbing industry?
propane, butane, natural gas.
what is resistance?
the ohm is the unit of resistance, which opposes the flow of current.
how does conduction occur?
when materials or objects are in direct contact with each other.
what causes siphonage to occur?
when the fluid flows to the highest portion of the bend pipe due to the pressure difference.
how does limescale build up?
where water is heated or left standing.
when does the change of state occur?
when they are heated or cooled.
what is the SI unit for measuring electric current?
the ampere.
what is specific heat capacity measured in?
Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius.
what is a sinusoidal waveform?
a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function.
what scale do we use indicator level Acidity and Alkane?
PH scale
What type of pipe insulation is used?
Lagging
what is the purpose of insulation in a hot water cylinder?
to prevent heat loss and save energy.
How is soldering able to run a pipe?
capillary action?
what type of water corrodes pipe work?
Soft water
Which type of water is difficult to lather?
hard water
limescale deposits form by which type of water?
temporary hard water
