plumbing science Flashcards
what are pure metals?
Pure metals are those that consist of only one atom and contain little or no impurities.
What 4 groups can metals be divided into?
Pure metals, Alloys, metals that are ferrous, Metals that are non ferrous.
What are ferrous metals?
Ferrous metals corrode easily in the presence of water and air, forming a coating of ferrous oxides, which is better known as rust.
What are non ferrous metals?
Non ferrous metals are those that do not contain iron. They do not rust. However they can corrode over time forming oxides on the metals surface.
There are two types of plastics, what are these?
Thermoplastics and thermo-setting plastics.
What is an alloy?
An alloy is a bend of two or more elements, one of which must be a metal. Alloys often have properties that are very different from the individual parent metals from which they are blended.
Is aluminium a ferrous or non ferrous metal?
Aluminium is a non ferrous metal.
Is lead a ferrous or a non ferrous metal?
Lead is a non ferrous metal,.
Is Zinc a ferrous or a non ferrous metal?
Zinc is a non ferrous metal.
Is tin a ferrous or a non ferrous metal?
Tin is a non ferrous metal.
What is the hardness of a material?
This is the resistance of material to being cut, deformed or bent.
What is the toughness of a material?
Toughness of a material is the amount of energy a material can absorb without breaking or fracturing.
What is the elasticity of a material?
The length that a material can be stretched and return to its original length when released.
What is the strength of a material?
The measure of how materials withstand heavy loads without breaking.
What is the heaviness of a material?
The denseness of a material. A dense material will be heavy in relation to its size.
what is the shear strength of a material?
The maximum force a material can withstand when being ripped.
what is the torsion strength of a material?
The maximum force a material can withstand when being twisted.
What is the malleability of a material?
The amount hammering and shaping a material can withstand without breaking, splitting or cracking. Malleability is particularly desirable in metals such as sheet lead.
Identify the detailed properties of solid materials.
There are a variety of materials used in plumbing industry including plastics, metals and ceramics. Each one has a unique set of properties that make it suitable for the job it has to do.
What are metals?
Metals are one of the principal materials that are used in the plumbing industry. From pipework’s to boilers, the main material chosen because of its ability to withstand the wear and tear of every day usage is metal. However, there are many different types of metals and not all are suitable for the use in plumbing systesm.
What scale do we use indicator level acidity and alkane?
PH scale
What is the symbol for the quantity pressure?
bar is the name and the symbol is b.
What is brass a mixture of?
Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc.
What is water used for in the industry?
Water is know as the universal solvent because of its ability to mix and dilute other chemicals and compounds.
How is soldering able to run a pipe?
Capilliary action.
What are 5 liquids you may come across in the industry?
water, refrigerant, fuel oils, anti freeze, lubricants and greeses.
What is a refrigerant?
This is a chemical used in cooling and heating systems such as air conditioning, refrigerators, freezers and heat pumps. It is used in 2 states of liquid and gas.
What is a lubricant?
This is a substance often a liquid or a grease, introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the friction.
What is flow rate?
The amount of fluid that flows through a pipe at a given point.
What is velocity?
The rate at which an object changes its position taking into account speed and direction.
What is force?
An influence on an object that may cause it to move.
What are freezing points?
At atmospheric pressure water has a freezing point of 0 degrees c.
what are water softeners?
The only way to fully remove hard water is to install a water softener.
Which ways can heat be transferred?
conduction, convection and radiation.
what is radiation?
this is heat transferred via infrared light.
What are boiling points?
At atmospheric pressure water has a boiling point of 100 degrees c.
What is resistance?
the ohm is the unit of resistance, which opposes the flow of current.
What is penetrating oils used for?
used to help loosen and tighten nuts and bolts.
What is graphite paste used for?
This is used for lubrication of gas taps.
What is third class lever?
A third class lever is one where the effort is between the fulcrum and the load
What would the fuel size be for a domestic appliance that has a power rating of a 3kw?
13 amp.
The limescale build up in systems is caused by what?
Temporary hard wtaer
A change of state may occur when water is heated to what temperature.
1000c
The si unit for measuring electrical current is what?
Ampere
What would an anti-capillary groove in a lead weathering stop?
Water being drawn into the building.
On an incoming mains, what would have the lowest pressure?
The float operated valve to the cold storage cistern in the loft.
What is the fuse for a domestic appliance?
13 amp
What are the units of flow rate?
m3/s
What causes siphonages?
Increase in pressure.
