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Plumbing Arithmetic Flashcards

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1
Q

considered as fixed cost

A

interest, taxes, amortization, insurance

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2
Q

reduction in the level of national income and output usually accompanied by the fall in the general price level

A

Deflation

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3
Q

market whereby there is only one buyer of an item for which there are no good substitute

A

Monopsony

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4
Q

market situation where there is only one seller with many buyer

A

Monopoly

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5
Q

a condition where only few individuals produce a certain product and that any action of one will lead to almost the same action of the others.

A

Oligopoly

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6
Q

a market which there are few buyers but many sellers

A

Oligopsony

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7
Q

market situation where there are few sellers and few buyers

A

bilateral oligopoly

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8
Q

market situation where there is one seller and one buyer

A

bilateral monopoly

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9
Q

Market situation where there is one seller and one buyer

A

bilateral monopoly

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10
Q

situation in which two suppliers dominate the market for a commodity service

A

duopoly

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

market situation where there are only two buyers and many sellers

A

DUOPSONY

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13
Q

occurs in a situation where a commodity or service is supplied by a
number of vendors entering the market

A

PERFECT COMPETITION

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14
Q

direct labor cost incurred in the factory and direct material cost; the sum of
these two direct cost

A

PRIME COST

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15
Q

artificial expense that spread the purchase price of an asset or another
property over a number of year; decrease in the value of a physical property due to passage
of time

A

DERECIATION

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16
Q

present worth of all depreciation over the economic life of the
item

A

DEPRECIATION RECOVERY

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16
Q

estimated value at the end of useful life

A

SALVAGE VALUE

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16
Q

amount which a willing buyer will pay to a willing seller for a property where
each has equal advantage

A

MARKET VALUE

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17
Q

gross profit, sales less cost of goods sold, as a percentage of a sale

A

GROSS MARGIN

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17
Q

worth of the property equals to the original cost less depreciation

A

BOOK VALUE

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17
Q

grand total of the assets and operational capability of corporation

A

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL

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17
Q

liquid assets such as cash and other assets that can be converted quickly
into cash

A

CURRENT ASSETS

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18
Q

amount by which revenue from sales exceeds costs in a business

A

PROFIT MARGIN

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18
Q

those funds that are required to make the enterprise or project going

A

WORKING CAPITAL

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18
Q

future value less the present value

A

DISCOUNT

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18
Q

the profit derived from a project or business enterprise without
consideration of obligations to financial contributions

A

ECONOMIC RETURN

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18
Q

Intangible value which is actually operating concern due to its operation

A

GOING VALUE

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18
Q

nterest rate at which the present worth of the cash on the project is zero of
the interest earned by an investment

A

RATE OF RETURN

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19
Q

as applied to capitalized asset, the distribution of the initial cost by periodic changes to operation as in depreciation or reduction of debt

A

AMORTIZATION

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19
Q

value which has a disinterested third party, different from the buyer and seller, that determines the price acceptable to both parties

A

FAIR VALUE

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19
Q

method of depreciation whereby the amount to recover is spread
uniformly over the estimated life of the asset in terms of the periods or units of output

A

STRAIGHT LINE METHOD

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19
Q

a method of computing depreciation in which the annual charge is a fixed percentage of the depreciation book value at the beginning of the year

A

DECLINING BALANCE METHOD

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20
Q

method of depreciation where a fixed sum of money is regularly
deposited at compound interest in a real or imaginary fund in order to accumulate an amount
equal to the total depreciation of an asset at the end of the asset’s estimated life

A

SINKING FUND METHOD

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21
Q

the lessening of the value of an asset due to the decrease in the quantity
available (referring to the natural resource like coal, oil, etc.)

A

DEPLETION

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22
Q

an association of two or more persons for a purpose of engaging in a profitable business

A

PARTNERSHIP

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22
Q

simplest form of a business organization

A

SOLE PROPRITORSHIP

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23
Q

distinct legal entity which can practically transact any business transaction
a real person could do

A

CORPORATION

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24
Q

type of ownership in business where individual exercise and enjoy the right in their own interest

A

PRIVATE

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25
Q

true value of interest rate computed by equations for compound interest
for 1-year period

A

EFFECTIVE INTEREST

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25
Q

interest payment divided by principal amount

A

INTEREST RATE

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26
Q

represents ownership and enjoys certain preferences than ordinary stock

A

PREFERED STOCK

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26
Q

represents ownership of stockholders who have a residual claim on the
assets of the corporation after all other claims have been settled

A

COMMON STOCK

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27
Q

a certificate of indebtedness of a corporation usually for period not less than 10 years and guaranteed by mortgage on certain assets of the corporation

A

BOND

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28
Q

bond where the corporation pledges securities which it owns,
stocks, bonds of its subsidiaries

A

COLLATERAL TRUST BOND

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29
Q

bond which does not have security except a promise to pay the issuing
corporation

A

DEBENTURE BOND

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30
Q

bond issued jointly by two or more corporations

A

JOINT BOND

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31
Q

bond where guaranty in in lien on railroad equipment

A

EQUIPMENT OBLIGATIONS BOND

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32
Q

the security of the bond is a mortgage on certain specified asset of a corporation

A

MORTGAGE BOND

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32
Q

bond where the corporation’s owners names are recorded and the
interest is paid periodically to the owners

A

REGISTERED BOND

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33
Q

bond to which coupons are attached indicating the interest due and the
date when such interest is to be paid

A

CUOPON BOND

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34
Q

deliberate lowering of the price of a nation’s currency in terms of
the accepted standard

A

CURRENCY DEVALUATION

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34
Q

denotes the fall in the exchange rate of one currency in terms of others

A

CURRENCY DEPRECIATION

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35
Q

graphical presentation of cumulative frequency distribution in a set of statistical data

A

OGIVE

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35
Q

frequency curve composed of series of rectangles with the steps as the base
and frequency as the height

A

HISTOGRAM

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36
Q

the sharpness of the peak of a frequency-distribution curve

A

KURTOSIS

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37
Q

having a greater kurtosis than the normal distribution; more concentrated
about the mean

A

LEPTOKURTIC

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38
Q

sequence of numbers where the succeeding term is greater than the
preceding term

A

DIVERGENT SERIES

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38
Q

sequence of numbers where the succeeding term is less than the
preceding term

A

CONVERGENT SERIES

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39
Q

unsuitable or unusual combination

A

DISSONANT SERIES

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40
Q

without change of intervals

A

ISOMETRIC SERIES

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41
Q

part of theorem which is assumed to be true

A

HYPOTHESIS

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41
Q

statement of truth which is admitted without proof; proposition of a general logical nature

A

AXIOM

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42
Q

statement of truth which follows little or no proof from the theorem

A

COROLLARY

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42
Q

refers to the construction of drawing lines and figures

A

POSTULATE

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43
Q

mathematical statement which has neither been proved nor denied

A

CONJECTURE

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44
Q

proved proposition which is useful mainly as a preliminary; ancillary theorem whose
result is not target

A

LEMMA

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45
Q

proposition that is reached from given premises

A

CONCLUSIONS

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45
Q

a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument

A

FALLACY

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46
Q

a statement of proposition that despite sound reasoning, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless

A

PARADOX

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46
Q

1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21…

A

triangular numbers

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46
Q

1, 4, 9, 16, 25 …

A

square numbers

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47
Q

1, 5, 12, 22, 35 …

A

pentagon numbers

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47
Q

1, 8, 27, 64, 125 …

A

cubic numbers

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47
Q

1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56 …

A

tetrahedral numbers

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48
Q

an equation in which variables appear under radical symbol

A

IRRATIONAL EQUATION

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48
Q

an equation which is satisfied by all values of the variable

A

RATIONAL EQUATION

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49
Q

an equation which has an extra root

A

REDUNDANT EQUATION

49
Q

an equation in which some or all of the known quantities are represented by letters

A

LITERAL EQUATION

50
Q

An equation whose members are equal only for certain events

A

CONDITIONAL EQUATION

50
Q

a=b; b=c; then a=c

A

TRANSITIVE LAW

50
Q

counting numbers

A

NATURAL NUMBERS

50
Q

non-terminating and non-repeating

A

IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

50
Q

if a=b then b can replace a

A

SUBSTITUTION LAW

50
Q

has fewer roots than its original

A

DEFECTIVE EQUATION

51
Q

a=a

A

RELEXIVE LAW

52
Q

non-terminating but repeating

A

RATIONAL NUMBERS

53
Q

count objects in a given collection

A

CARDINAL NUMBERS

54
Q

state position of individual objects in a sequence

A

ORDINAL NUMBERS

55
Q

arrangement of the object in specific order

A

permutation

56
Q

arrangement of object regardless of the order they’re arranged

A

combination

57
Q

ratio of the successful outcomes over the total possible outcomes

A

probability

58
Q

highest score minus lowest score

A

range

59
Q

(standard deviation)^2

A

variance

60
Q

50% fall below and 50% fall above

A

median

61
Q

average

A

mean

62
Q

most frequent in a group of numbers

A

mode

63
Q

approximate value minus exact value

A

absolute value

64
Q

absolute error divided by the true value

A

relative error

65
Q

inscribed in a given triangle whose vertices are the feet of the three perpendiculars to the sides; triangle with minimum perimeter but maximum area

A

pedal triangle

65
Q

a right triangle whose length of sides may be expressed as ration of
integral units

A

primitive triangle

66
Q

triangle with no sides equal

A

scalen triangle

67
Q

equal to the sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself

A

PERFECT NUMBER

67
Q

sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself is greater than the
integer

A

ABUNDANT NUMBER

67
Q

two integers whose each is the sum of all possible divisors of each other

A

AMICABLE NUMBERS or FRIENDLY NUMBERS

67
Q

In a√𝑏 (a, b, √ )

A

a = index
b= radicand
√ = radical symbol

67
Q

sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself is less than the
integer

A

DEFECTIVE NUMBER

67
Q

quadratic numbers parts (ax2+bx+c)

A

sum of roots. r1+r2=c/a
product of roots, r1 x r2 = -b/a
discriminant, b2-4ac

67
Q

spherical triangle with all angles equal to the right triangle

A

BIRECTANGULAR

67
Q

spherical triangle with at least one side is a quarter of a great circle

A

TRIRECTANGULAR

67
Q

one of the two great circles intersecting at right angle at the piles and dividing
equinoctial points and ecliptic into 4 parts

A

COLLURE

67
Q

angular distance from the equator measured along a meridian

A

LATTITUDE

68
Q

– angle at either pole between the meridian passing through a point and some
fixed meridian known as prime meridian

A

LONGITUDE

68
Q

– point where a ray from the center of the earth through an observer’s position on it
intersects the celestial sphere

A

ZENITH

68
Q

– dramatically opposite the zenith

A

NADIR

69
Q

– an angular unit equivalent to 1/4000 of the
circumference

A

GRAD or GON or CENTERIMAL DEGREE

70
Q

STERADIANS – measurement of solid angles

A
71
Q

– largest measure in steradians of a solid angle

A

4π

72
Q

– five-pointed star described by the diagonals of a regular pentagon

A

PENTAGRAM or PENACLE

72
Q

– geometric figure remaining after a parallelogram has been removed from one
corner of a larger similar polygon

A

GNOMON

72
Q

– an oblique – angled parallelogram with four sides equal

A

DIAMOND/ RHOMBUS/ LOZENGE

73
Q

– non-convex quadrilateral with two parts of adjacent equal sides

A

DELTROID

74
Q

– solid bounded by a zone and the planes of the zone’s base

A

SPHERICAL SEGMENT

74
Q

– portion of a sphere enclosed between two great semi-circles having common end
points, including the semi-circle

A

ZONE

75
Q

– solid bounded by two great circles and the surface of a sphere

A

SHERICAL WEDGE

76
Q

– a cone or cylinder with its top cut off by plane oblique to the base

A

UNGULA

76
Q

– cylinder with elliptical cross section

A

CYLINDROID

77
Q

– regular solid star in a shape that is radiating from center like rays of stars

A

STELLATED SOLID

78
Q

– a doughnut-like surface of revolution generated by rotating the circle through 360

A

TORUS

79
Q

– regular solid star in a shape that is radiating from center like rays of stars

A

STELLATED SOLID

80
Q

– formed by intersection of rays from one point reflected or refracted from a
curvature surface

A

CAUSTIC

81
Q

locus of points on a side which rolls along a fixed line

A

CYCLOID

81
Q

– the set of points in a plane where the sum of whose distance from a fixed point is
constant

A

CIRCLE

82
Q

locus of point which move so that it is always equidistant from a fixed point (focus)
and from a fixed straight line (directrix)

A

PARABOLA –

83
Q

locus of point which moves so that the sum of the distances from two fixed points
(foci) is constant and is equal to the length of major axis

A

ELLIPSE

84
Q

– locus of point in plane so that the difference of its distance from two fixes points
(foci) is constant

A

HYPERBOLA

85
Q

– the plane curve traced out by a fixed point on the circle as the circle rolls along a
line

A

CYCLOID

86
Q

– rolls outside of a fixed circle

A

EPICYCLOID

86
Q

– rolls inside of a fixed circle

A

HYPOCYCLOID

87
Q

– continuous curve traced by a point moving around a fixed point in same plane with
steadily increasing or decreasing distances

A

SPIRAL

88
Q

– Ellipse is rotated about its shorter axis

A

OBLATE

88
Q

– Ellipse is rotated about its longer axis

A

PROLATE

89
Q

EVOLUTE – curve that describe the locus of the centers of another curve to which its tangents
are normal

A

ENVELOPE

90
Q

– locus of the ultimate intersections of curves in a system of curves; tangential to
each of the family of curves of surfaces

A

ENVELOPE

91
Q

– locus of a point that the radius vector is proportional to its vectorial
angle

A

SPIRAL OF ARCHIMEDES

91
Q

– locus of a point which rolls on a straight line (x-axis)

A

TROCHOID

92
Q
  • inspiration of Pappus’ proposition
A

APPLE AND LEMON

93
Q

CATENOID – solid generated by catenary (y=coshx) is rotated about its axis of symmetry

A

CATENOID

94
Q

 1 horsepower = 746 Watts
 334 Kj kg – Latent heat fusion required to turn ice to liquid
 273 °K – melting point of ice
 0 °K – absolute zero temperature
 4 °C – densed condition of water
 760mm of Hg – Standard atmospheric pressure
 14.7 psi – Standard atmospheric pressure
 1000kg/cu.m. – density of water
 4.19 Kj/kg-°C – Specific heat capacity of water
 2.72 – Naperian Logarithm

A

 1 horsepower = 746 Watts
 334 Kj kg – Latent heat fusion required to turn ice to liquid
 273 °K – melting point of ice
 0 °K – absolute zero temperature
 4 °C – densed condition of water
 760mm of Hg – Standard atmospheric pressure
 14.7 psi – Standard atmospheric pressure
 1000kg/cu.m. – density of water
 4.19 Kj/kg-°C – Specific heat capacity of water
 2.72 – Naperian Logarithm

95
Q

first term of ratio

A

ANTECEDENT,

95
Q

second term of ratio

A

CONSEQUENT

96
Q

– property by virtue of which a body tends to return to its original size of shape after
a deformation

A

ELASTICITY

97
Q

quality of being physically elongated

A

plasticity

98
Q

– ability to deform under pressure

A

MALLEABILITY

99
Q

– ability of material to break into pieces upon application of tensile force without
any elongation

A

BRITTLENESS

100
Q

– ability of material to withstand tensile force when it is applied as it undergoes
plastic deformation

A

DUCTILITY

101
Q

– ability of a material to be easily bend or change in shape

A

FLEXIBILITY

102
Q

– transmission of heat from one place to another by fluid circulation

A

CONVECTION

103
Q

– transmission of heat that occurs in space in the form of electromagnetic waves

A

RADIATION

104
Q

– penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive
decay of atomic nuclei

A

GAMMA RADIATION

105
Q

– measure of randomness of the molecules of a substance

A

ENTROPY

106
Q

CHARLES’ LAW:

A

v1t1=v1t2 constant pressure

107
Q

– sum of the internal energy of a body or system and the products of its volume
multiplied by the pressure

A

ENTHALPY

108
Q

BOYLE’S LAW:

A

p1v1=p2v2 contant temperature

109
Q

GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW:

A

p1t1=p2t2 constant volume

110
Q

– mass to which a force of one pound will give an acceleration of one foot per second

A

SLUG

111
Q

PERFECT GAS:

A

p1v1/t1=p2v2/t2 also called ideal gas

112
Q

POUND, DYNE, NEWTON

A

– unit of force

113
Q

JOULES, KILOWATT-HOUR, ERG –

A

unit of works

114
Q

WATT, KILOWATT, HORSEPOWER –

A

unit of power

115
Q

– energy by virtue of the object’s motion

A

KINETIC ENERGY

116
Q

– energy by virtue of the object’s position

A

POTENTAL ENERGY

117
Q

– energy by virtue of object’s mass

A

REST ENERGY

117
Q

– energy of an object ue to its vertical separation from
earth’s surface

A

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

117
Q

– energy stored in a stretched or compressed elastic material such
as spring

A

ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

117
Q

greatest unit pressure the soil can continuously stand

A

BEARING STRENGTH –

118
Q

the distance that the top surface is displaced in the direction of the force
divided by the thickness of the body

A

 SHEAR STRAIN –

118
Q

– ratio of the tensile stress to tensile strain

A

 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY or YOUNG’S MODULUS

119
Q

– energy of the atoms and molecules due to their random motion

A

THERMAL ENERGY

120
Q

– amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water to 1°C

A

CALORIE

121
Q

– amount of heat needed to change the temperature of a unit
quantity by 1°

A

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

122
Q

– where product of mass and moment arm sums up to zero

A

CENTER OF MASS

123
Q

– point through which the resultant of the distributed gravity force passes
regardless of the orientation of the body in space

A

CENTER OF GRAVITY

124
Q

– stress caused by a force acting perpendicular to the area of the force

A

BEARING STRESS

125
Q

stress caused by force acting along parallel to the area of the force

A

SHEARING STRESS –

126
Q

– modulus of elasticity in shear

A

MODULUS OF RIGIDITY

127
Q

– highest ordinate on the stress-strain diagram

A

ULTIMATE STRENGTH

128
Q

– stress beyond which material will not return to original shape when unloaded

A

ELASTIC LIMIT

129
Q

– ratio of the unit lateral deformation to the unit longitudinal deformation

A

POISSON RATIO

129
Q

– actual stress the material has when under load

A

WORKING STRESS

130
Q

– ratio of the volume stress to the volume strain

A

BULK MODULUS

131
Q

– Force over area

A

STRESS

plumbing arithmetic (1 decks)

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