Plumbing Arithmetic Flashcards
for faster memo
1
Q
considered as fixed cost
A
interest, taxes, amortization, insurance
2
Q
reduction in the level of national income and output usually accompanied by the fall in the general price level
A
Deflation
3
Q
market whereby there is only one buyer of an item for which there are no good substitute
A
Monopsony
4
Q
market situation where there is only one seller with many buyer
A
Monopoly
5
Q
a condition where only few individuals produce a certain product and that any action of one will lead to almost the same action of the others.
A
Oligopoly
6
Q
a market which there are few buyers but many sellers
A
Oligopsony
7
Q
market situation where there are few sellers and few buyers
A
bilateral oligopoly
8
Q
market situation where there is one seller and one buyer
A
bilateral monopoly
9
Q
Market situation where there is one seller and one buyer
A
bilateral monopoly
10
Q
situation in which two suppliers dominate the market for a commodity service
A
duopoly
11
Q
A
12
Q
market situation where there are only two buyers and many sellers
A
DUOPSONY
13
Q
occurs in a situation where a commodity or service is supplied by a
number of vendors entering the market
A
PERFECT COMPETITION
14
Q
direct labor cost incurred in the factory and direct material cost; the sum of
these two direct cost
A
PRIME COST
15
Q
artificial expense that spread the purchase price of an asset or another
property over a number of year; decrease in the value of a physical property due to passage
of time
A
DERECIATION
16
Q
present worth of all depreciation over the economic life of the
item
A
DEPRECIATION RECOVERY
16
Q
estimated value at the end of useful life
A
SALVAGE VALUE
16
Q
amount which a willing buyer will pay to a willing seller for a property where
each has equal advantage
A
MARKET VALUE
17
Q
gross profit, sales less cost of goods sold, as a percentage of a sale
A
GROSS MARGIN
17
Q
worth of the property equals to the original cost less depreciation
A
BOOK VALUE
17
Q
grand total of the assets and operational capability of corporation
A
AUTHORIZED CAPITAL
17
Q
liquid assets such as cash and other assets that can be converted quickly
into cash
A
CURRENT ASSETS
18
Q
amount by which revenue from sales exceeds costs in a business
A
PROFIT MARGIN
18
Q
those funds that are required to make the enterprise or project going
A
WORKING CAPITAL
18
future value less the present value
DISCOUNT
18
the profit derived from a project or business enterprise without
consideration of obligations to financial contributions
ECONOMIC RETURN
18
Intangible value which is actually operating concern due to its operation
GOING VALUE
18
nterest rate at which the present worth of the cash on the project is zero of
the interest earned by an investment
RATE OF RETURN
19
as applied to capitalized asset, the distribution of the initial cost by periodic changes to operation as in depreciation or reduction of debt
AMORTIZATION
19
value which has a disinterested third party, different from the buyer and seller, that determines the price acceptable to both parties
FAIR VALUE
19
method of depreciation whereby the amount to recover is spread
uniformly over the estimated life of the asset in terms of the periods or units of output
STRAIGHT LINE METHOD
19
a method of computing depreciation in which the annual charge is a fixed percentage of the depreciation book value at the beginning of the year
DECLINING BALANCE METHOD
20
method of depreciation where a fixed sum of money is regularly
deposited at compound interest in a real or imaginary fund in order to accumulate an amount
equal to the total depreciation of an asset at the end of the asset’s estimated life
SINKING FUND METHOD
21
the lessening of the value of an asset due to the decrease in the quantity
available (referring to the natural resource like coal, oil, etc.)
DEPLETION
22
an association of two or more persons for a purpose of engaging in a profitable business
PARTNERSHIP
22
simplest form of a business organization
SOLE PROPRITORSHIP
23
distinct legal entity which can practically transact any business transaction
a real person could do
CORPORATION
24
type of ownership in business where individual exercise and enjoy the right in their own interest
PRIVATE
25
true value of interest rate computed by equations for compound interest
for 1-year period
EFFECTIVE INTEREST
25
interest payment divided by principal amount
INTEREST RATE
26
represents ownership and enjoys certain preferences than ordinary stock
PREFERED STOCK
26
represents ownership of stockholders who have a residual claim on the
assets of the corporation after all other claims have been settled
COMMON STOCK
27
a certificate of indebtedness of a corporation usually for period not less than 10 years and guaranteed by mortgage on certain assets of the corporation
BOND
28
bond where the corporation pledges securities which it owns,
stocks, bonds of its subsidiaries
COLLATERAL TRUST BOND
29
bond which does not have security except a promise to pay the issuing
corporation
DEBENTURE BOND
30
bond issued jointly by two or more corporations
JOINT BOND
31
bond where guaranty in in lien on railroad equipment
EQUIPMENT OBLIGATIONS BOND
32
the security of the bond is a mortgage on certain specified asset of a corporation
MORTGAGE BOND
32
bond where the corporation’s owners names are recorded and the
interest is paid periodically to the owners
REGISTERED BOND
33
bond to which coupons are attached indicating the interest due and the
date when such interest is to be paid
CUOPON BOND
34
deliberate lowering of the price of a nation’s currency in terms of
the accepted standard
CURRENCY DEVALUATION
34
denotes the fall in the exchange rate of one currency in terms of others
CURRENCY DEPRECIATION
35
graphical presentation of cumulative frequency distribution in a set of statistical data
OGIVE
35
frequency curve composed of series of rectangles with the steps as the base
and frequency as the height
HISTOGRAM
36
the sharpness of the peak of a frequency-distribution curve
KURTOSIS
37
having a greater kurtosis than the normal distribution; more concentrated
about the mean
LEPTOKURTIC
38
sequence of numbers where the succeeding term is greater than the
preceding term
DIVERGENT SERIES
38
sequence of numbers where the succeeding term is less than the
preceding term
CONVERGENT SERIES
39
unsuitable or unusual combination
DISSONANT SERIES
40
without change of intervals
ISOMETRIC SERIES
41
part of theorem which is assumed to be true
HYPOTHESIS
41
statement of truth which is admitted without proof; proposition of a general logical nature
AXIOM
42
statement of truth which follows little or no proof from the theorem
COROLLARY
42
refers to the construction of drawing lines and figures
POSTULATE
43
mathematical statement which has neither been proved nor denied
CONJECTURE
44
proved proposition which is useful mainly as a preliminary; ancillary theorem whose
result is not target
LEMMA
45
proposition that is reached from given premises
CONCLUSIONS
45
a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument
FALLACY
46
a statement of proposition that despite sound reasoning, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless
PARADOX
46
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21…
triangular numbers
46
1, 4, 9, 16, 25 …
square numbers
47
1, 5, 12, 22, 35 …
pentagon numbers
47
1, 8, 27, 64, 125 …
cubic numbers
47
1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56 …
tetrahedral numbers
48
an equation in which variables appear under radical symbol
IRRATIONAL EQUATION
48
an equation which is satisfied by all values of the variable
RATIONAL EQUATION
49
an equation which has an extra root
REDUNDANT EQUATION
49
an equation in which some or all of the known quantities are represented by letters
LITERAL EQUATION
50
An equation whose members are equal only for certain events
CONDITIONAL EQUATION
50
a=b; b=c; then a=c
TRANSITIVE LAW
50
counting numbers
NATURAL NUMBERS
50
non-terminating and non-repeating
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
50
if a=b then b can replace a
SUBSTITUTION LAW
50
has fewer roots than its original
DEFECTIVE EQUATION
51
a=a
RELEXIVE LAW
52
non-terminating but repeating
RATIONAL NUMBERS
53
count objects in a given collection
CARDINAL NUMBERS
54
state position of individual objects in a sequence
ORDINAL NUMBERS
55
arrangement of the object in specific order
permutation
56
arrangement of object regardless of the order they’re arranged
combination
57
ratio of the successful outcomes over the total possible outcomes
probability
58
highest score minus lowest score
range
59
(standard deviation)^2
variance
60
50% fall below and 50% fall above
median
61
average
mean
62
most frequent in a group of numbers
mode
63
approximate value minus exact value
absolute value
64
absolute error divided by the true value
relative error
65
inscribed in a given triangle whose vertices are the feet of the three perpendiculars to the sides; triangle with minimum perimeter but maximum area
pedal triangle
65
a right triangle whose length of sides may be expressed as ration of
integral units
primitive triangle
66
triangle with no sides equal
scalen triangle
67
equal to the sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself
PERFECT NUMBER
67
sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself is greater than the
integer
ABUNDANT NUMBER
67
two integers whose each is the sum of all possible divisors of each other
AMICABLE NUMBERS or FRIENDLY NUMBERS
67
In a√𝑏 (a, b, √ )
a = index
b= radicand
√ = radical symbol
67
sum of all its possible divisors except the number itself is less than the
integer
DEFECTIVE NUMBER
67
quadratic numbers parts (ax2+bx+c)
sum of roots. r1+r2=c/a
product of roots, r1 x r2 = -b/a
discriminant, b2-4ac
67
spherical triangle with all angles equal to the right triangle
BIRECTANGULAR
67
spherical triangle with at least one side is a quarter of a great circle
TRIRECTANGULAR
67
one of the two great circles intersecting at right angle at the piles and dividing
equinoctial points and ecliptic into 4 parts
COLLURE
67
angular distance from the equator measured along a meridian
LATTITUDE
68
– angle at either pole between the meridian passing through a point and some
fixed meridian known as prime meridian
LONGITUDE
68
– point where a ray from the center of the earth through an observer’s position on it
intersects the celestial sphere
ZENITH
68
– dramatically opposite the zenith
NADIR
69
– an angular unit equivalent to 1/4000 of the
circumference
GRAD or GON or CENTERIMAL DEGREE
70
STERADIANS – measurement of solid angles
71
– largest measure in steradians of a solid angle
4π
72
– five-pointed star described by the diagonals of a regular pentagon
PENTAGRAM or PENACLE
72
– geometric figure remaining after a parallelogram has been removed from one
corner of a larger similar polygon
GNOMON
72
– an oblique – angled parallelogram with four sides equal
DIAMOND/ RHOMBUS/ LOZENGE
73
– non-convex quadrilateral with two parts of adjacent equal sides
DELTROID
74
– solid bounded by a zone and the planes of the zone’s base
SPHERICAL SEGMENT
74
– portion of a sphere enclosed between two great semi-circles having common end
points, including the semi-circle
ZONE
75
– solid bounded by two great circles and the surface of a sphere
SHERICAL WEDGE
76
– a cone or cylinder with its top cut off by plane oblique to the base
UNGULA
76
– cylinder with elliptical cross section
CYLINDROID
77
– regular solid star in a shape that is radiating from center like rays of stars
STELLATED SOLID
78
– a doughnut-like surface of revolution generated by rotating the circle through 360
TORUS
79
– regular solid star in a shape that is radiating from center like rays of stars
STELLATED SOLID
80
– formed by intersection of rays from one point reflected or refracted from a
curvature surface
CAUSTIC
81
locus of points on a side which rolls along a fixed line
CYCLOID
81
– the set of points in a plane where the sum of whose distance from a fixed point is
constant
CIRCLE
82
locus of point which move so that it is always equidistant from a fixed point (focus)
and from a fixed straight line (directrix)
PARABOLA –
83
locus of point which moves so that the sum of the distances from two fixed points
(foci) is constant and is equal to the length of major axis
ELLIPSE
84
– locus of point in plane so that the difference of its distance from two fixes points
(foci) is constant
HYPERBOLA
85
– the plane curve traced out by a fixed point on the circle as the circle rolls along a
line
CYCLOID
86
– rolls outside of a fixed circle
EPICYCLOID
86
– rolls inside of a fixed circle
HYPOCYCLOID
87
– continuous curve traced by a point moving around a fixed point in same plane with
steadily increasing or decreasing distances
SPIRAL
88
– Ellipse is rotated about its shorter axis
OBLATE
88
– Ellipse is rotated about its longer axis
PROLATE
89
EVOLUTE – curve that describe the locus of the centers of another curve to which its tangents
are normal
ENVELOPE
90
– locus of the ultimate intersections of curves in a system of curves; tangential to
each of the family of curves of surfaces
ENVELOPE
91
– locus of a point that the radius vector is proportional to its vectorial
angle
SPIRAL OF ARCHIMEDES
91
– locus of a point which rolls on a straight line (x-axis)
TROCHOID
92
- inspiration of Pappus’ proposition
APPLE AND LEMON
93
CATENOID – solid generated by catenary (y=coshx) is rotated about its axis of symmetry
CATENOID
94
1 horsepower = 746 Watts
334 Kj kg – Latent heat fusion required to turn ice to liquid
273 °K – melting point of ice
0 °K – absolute zero temperature
4 °C – densed condition of water
760mm of Hg – Standard atmospheric pressure
14.7 psi – Standard atmospheric pressure
1000kg/cu.m. – density of water
4.19 Kj/kg-°C – Specific heat capacity of water
2.72 – Naperian Logarithm
1 horsepower = 746 Watts
334 Kj kg – Latent heat fusion required to turn ice to liquid
273 °K – melting point of ice
0 °K – absolute zero temperature
4 °C – densed condition of water
760mm of Hg – Standard atmospheric pressure
14.7 psi – Standard atmospheric pressure
1000kg/cu.m. – density of water
4.19 Kj/kg-°C – Specific heat capacity of water
2.72 – Naperian Logarithm
95
first term of ratio
ANTECEDENT,
95
second term of ratio
CONSEQUENT
96
– property by virtue of which a body tends to return to its original size of shape after
a deformation
ELASTICITY
97
quality of being physically elongated
plasticity
98
– ability to deform under pressure
MALLEABILITY
99
– ability of material to break into pieces upon application of tensile force without
any elongation
BRITTLENESS
100
– ability of material to withstand tensile force when it is applied as it undergoes
plastic deformation
DUCTILITY
101
– ability of a material to be easily bend or change in shape
FLEXIBILITY
102
– transmission of heat from one place to another by fluid circulation
CONVECTION
103
– transmission of heat that occurs in space in the form of electromagnetic waves
RADIATION
104
– penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive
decay of atomic nuclei
GAMMA RADIATION
105
– measure of randomness of the molecules of a substance
ENTROPY
106
CHARLES’ LAW:
v1t1=v1t2 constant pressure
107
– sum of the internal energy of a body or system and the products of its volume
multiplied by the pressure
ENTHALPY
108
BOYLE’S LAW:
p1v1=p2v2 contant temperature
109
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW:
p1t1=p2t2 constant volume
110
– mass to which a force of one pound will give an acceleration of one foot per second
SLUG
111
PERFECT GAS:
p1v1/t1=p2v2/t2 also called ideal gas
112
POUND, DYNE, NEWTON
– unit of force
113
JOULES, KILOWATT-HOUR, ERG –
unit of works
114
WATT, KILOWATT, HORSEPOWER –
unit of power
115
– energy by virtue of the object’s motion
KINETIC ENERGY
116
– energy by virtue of the object’s position
POTENTAL ENERGY
117
– energy by virtue of object’s mass
REST ENERGY
117
– energy of an object ue to its vertical separation from
earth’s surface
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
117
– energy stored in a stretched or compressed elastic material such
as spring
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
117
greatest unit pressure the soil can continuously stand
BEARING STRENGTH –
118
the distance that the top surface is displaced in the direction of the force
divided by the thickness of the body
SHEAR STRAIN –
118
– ratio of the tensile stress to tensile strain
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY or YOUNG’S MODULUS
119
– energy of the atoms and molecules due to their random motion
THERMAL ENERGY
120
– amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water to 1°C
CALORIE
121
– amount of heat needed to change the temperature of a unit
quantity by 1°
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
122
– where product of mass and moment arm sums up to zero
CENTER OF MASS
123
– point through which the resultant of the distributed gravity force passes
regardless of the orientation of the body in space
CENTER OF GRAVITY
124
– stress caused by a force acting perpendicular to the area of the force
BEARING STRESS
125
stress caused by force acting along parallel to the area of the force
SHEARING STRESS –
126
– modulus of elasticity in shear
MODULUS OF RIGIDITY
127
– highest ordinate on the stress-strain diagram
ULTIMATE STRENGTH
128
– stress beyond which material will not return to original shape when unloaded
ELASTIC LIMIT
129
– ratio of the unit lateral deformation to the unit longitudinal deformation
POISSON RATIO
129
– actual stress the material has when under load
WORKING STRESS
130
– ratio of the volume stress to the volume strain
BULK MODULUS
131
– Force over area
STRESS
