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1
Q

What type of bacteria break down and purify effluent in the soil?

A

Aerobic bacteria

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2
Q

What is the process of effluent disposal in the field called?

A

Oxidation

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3
Q

How should laterals be installed on sloping ground?

A

Laid across (perpendicular to) the slope

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4
Q

What methods can be used for effluent dispersal?

A
  • Gravity
  • Siphon
  • Pump
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5
Q

When is a siphon chamber needed in effluent disposal?

A

If more than 500 lineal feet of disposal pipe

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6
Q

What is the maximum depth of a trench for effluent disposal?

A

32 inches

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7
Q

How much gravel is recommended under and over field tile?

A
  • 9 inches under field tile
  • 2 inches over field tile
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8
Q

What factors are used to size effluent fields?

A
  • Maximum daily sewage flow
  • Percolation rate
  • Trench width
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9
Q

What is the minimum percolation rate for effluent disposal?

A

1 min/inch

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10
Q

What is the maximum percolation rate for effluent disposal?

A

30 min/inch

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11
Q

What alternatives are used when the percolation rate is too slow?

A
  • Lagoons
  • Built-up absorption fields (‘No-Dak’ mounds)
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12
Q

What is the purpose of a distribution box in effluent disposal?

A

To distribute effluent evenly to multiple laterals

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13
Q

What is the minimum number of laterals required per field?

A

At least 2 laterals

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14
Q

What is the maximum lateral length in effluent disposal?

A

100 feet

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15
Q

What is the recommended siphon chamber fill percentage?

A

65% - 100% of the entire field

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16
Q

What is the minimum distance (c-c) between laterals in BC?

A

6 feet

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17
Q

What is the minimum distance for laterals from property lines or buildings?

A

10 feet

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18
Q

What is the minimum distance from bedrock or water table to trench bottom?

A

2 feet

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19
Q

What type of soil is considered the best for effluent disposal?

A

Sandy loam

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20
Q

What type of soil is considered the worst for effluent disposal?

A

Clay

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21
Q

What is the purpose of siphon discharge in effluent systems?

A

Allows important rest period for field and prevents field freeze-up

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22
Q

How many test holes are needed for effluent disposal analysis?

A

4 test holes

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23
Q

What is the elevation difference required between inlet and outlet on a distribution box?

A

2 inches

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24
Q

What are ‘speed levelers’ used for in effluent disposal?

A

To ensure all inverts are at the same elevation exiting the distribution box

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25
Q

What is the maximum grade for laterals in effluent disposal?

A

2” per 100 feet

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26
Q

What is the minimum trench width at the bottom for effluent disposal?

A

12 inches

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27
Q

What is the maximum trench width for effluent disposal?

28
Q

What is the minimum diameter for field tiles used in effluent disposal?

29
Q

What is the normal diameter for field tiles used in effluent disposal?

30
Q

What is the minimum total length for an effluent field?

31
Q

What orifice size is required in pressure distribution piping?

A

Min 1/8” orifices

32
Q

What is the definition of Percolation Rate (‘T’)?

A

Minutes per inch

33
Q

What is ‘Biomat’ in the context of effluent disposal?

A

Film of undigested TSS’s that forms on walls/bottom of trench

34
Q

What type of piping is normally used in pressure distribution systems?

A

1” PVC SCH 40

35
Q

What is needed for isolation/balancing in pressurized systems?

36
Q

What does the Hydraulic loading rate (HLR) depend upon?

A

Soil analysis

37
Q

What is the role of anaerobic bacteria in septic tanks?

A

Break down sewage into sludge, scum, and effluent

38
Q

In what type of environment do anaerobic bacteria thrive?

A

Warm, moist, dark environments devoid of fresh air

39
Q

What is the minimum recommended distance between the invert of the inlet and outlet?

40
Q

What is the minimum recommended cover for insulation of a septic tank?

41
Q

What is the minimum distance a septic tank should be from a building?

42
Q

What are the gases produced during the septic process?

A

Methane, hydrogen sulfide, and other gases

43
Q

What is another term for the septic process?

A

Putrefaction

44
Q

How often should a septic tank be pumped on average?

A

Every 5 years

45
Q

What does the scum layer in a septic tank aid in?

A

Heat retention

46
Q

What should not be done after pumping a septic tank?

A

Should never be cleaned

47
Q

By what percentage should the tank size be increased if using a garburator?

48
Q

What is the minimum ratio of width to length to promote ‘quiescent’ flow?

49
Q

What is the maximum ratio of width to length for septic tanks?

50
Q

What is the minimum retention period for sewage treatment in a septic tank?

51
Q

What is the minimum required freeboard for the scum layer?

52
Q

What is the minimum distance a septic tank should be from a source of domestic water?

53
Q

What is the smallest tank allowed in BC?

A

50 Imp. Gals

54
Q

When is the best time to perform pumpouts?

55
Q

What is the minimum recommended slope on a 4” building sewer?

56
Q

How should septic tanks be sized for residential use?

A

By number of bedrooms in a house

57
Q

How should septic tanks be sized for assembly buildings?

A

By number of people

58
Q

What materials can septic tanks be made from?

A
  • Concrete
  • Fiberglass
  • Plastic
59
Q

What does the effluent filter at the outlet do?

A

Ensures solids stay in tank

60
Q

What is the maximum opening size allowed in the effluent filter?

61
Q

What type of bacteria could be present in septic tanks?

A

Pathogenic (disease-bearing) bacteria

62
Q

What is the maximum expected daily volume for Type 1 septic systems?

A

22,700 litres

63
Q

What is BOD a measurement of?

A

Sewage concentration (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)

64
Q

What is the BOD limit for Type 2 systems (packaged plants)?

A

Not more than 45 mg/L BOD5 (5 day)

65
Q

What is the BOD limit for Type 3 systems (packaged plants)?

A

Not more than 10 mg/L BOD5 (5 day)

66
Q

What does TSS stand for?

A

Total Suspended Solids

Plumbing (1 decks)

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