PLT Flashcards
Vygotsky
> social constructivist
>Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
ZPD
> Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance
scaffold
B.F. Skinner
> Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
> learning occurs when behavior changes
stimulus causes response; reward conditions learning
positive and negative reinforcement
Thematic Unit
- selecting a theme
- designing integrated learning activities
- selecting resources
- designing assessments
Direct Instructional Model
> straightforward, explicit teaching techniques
teacher stands in front of a classroom and presents the information
helpful when teaching a new or foundational concept
Indirect Instructional Model
> student-centered
includes students’ interests and curiosity
encouraging them to generate ideas or solve problems
Independent Instructional Model
> practice new skills prior to assessment
>monitor understanding and gauge needs for re-teaching
Independent Instructional Model
> practice new skills prior to assessment
>monitor understanding and gauge needs for re-teaching
Experiential Instructional Model
> approach encourages students to “learn by doing”
>higher engagement and interest
Interactive Instructional Model
> teacher leads lesson, students are required to actively listen and engage
ex. reading with think- aloud
asks students to predict
active, rather than passive, listening
Interactive Instructional Model
> teacher leads lesson, students are required to actively listen and engage
ex. reading with think- aloud
asks students to predict
active, rather than passive, listening
Think/Wait Time
> minimum of 3-5 seconds should be provided
>model: pause 3-5 seconds prior to responding to student questions
Active Listening
- Focus on person speaking.
- Show interest - tone, expression, language
- Do not interrupt
- Accept person’s feelings without judgement
- Paraphrase/repeat what person to clarify
Norm-referenced
> percentage ranking compared to the average population
most state accountability tests
higher is better
Criterion-referenced
> relates to some sort of established unit
>ex. reported in grade level equivalent
