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Level 2 > Pls 220 > Flashcards

Pls 220 Flashcards

1
Q

the full load current, or full load amp rating of any electric motor is the ______________________ it can safely draw from the line

A

max amt of current

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2
Q

where to find FLC rating on a motor

A

name plate

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3
Q

what table in the CEC is used to determine motors FLC

A

table 45

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4
Q

how to find minimum code conductor ampacity and from what code rule

A
  • multiply FLC by 125%
    -CEC 28-106
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5
Q

What table to find trade size conductors

A

T 1,2,3,4……

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6
Q

what code rule to find temperature limitations for conductors

A

CEC 4-006

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7
Q

Can trade size conductors be smaller then CEC calculated conductor ampacity

A

NO

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8
Q

Every electric motor and its branch cct require a ______________ means and some sort of __________ protection

A

-diconnecting
-overcurrent

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9
Q

What are type P fuses

A

non time delay

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10
Q

what are type D fuses

A

time delay

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11
Q

what are the 3 types of overcurrent devices

A

-type P fuses (non time delay)
type D (time delay)
-cct breakers

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12
Q

Why do motors create a surge when the electric motor starts

A

-large inrush current needed to start the electric motor

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13
Q

What code rule and table is used to size overcurrent devices

A

-CEC 28-200
-Table 29

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14
Q

What are standard trade sizes for saftey switches

A

30,60,100,200,400,600A

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15
Q

In non-fused switches the ampere rating of the load determines the _____________ size

A

disconnect switches

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16
Q

In fused diconnects, the ampere rating of the chosen fuse determines the ___________________ size

A

disconnect switch

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17
Q

What are bonding conductors used for

A

bond to ground the non-current carrying metal parts of the electric motors branch cct

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18
Q

What section of the CEC indicates about bonding and what table

A

section 10
- 10-616 1)
-Table 16

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19
Q

does the bonding conductor need to be larger then the supply conductor

A

no

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20
Q

What CEC section is used for overloads

A

26-306

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21
Q

A motor drawing more current than its FLC is ______________

A

overloaded

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22
Q

What happens if a motor is overloaded

A

-motor overheats
-burn out motor windings

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the overload device

A

-shut down the motor before its windings are destroyed

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24
Q

overload devices operate on a _______________ baisis

A

time-lags

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25
Q

what must seperate over load devices do

A

monitor and respond to motors current (proportional to winding temp) to shut down the motor

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26
Q

the bigger the over load the _____________ the overloaf device _________

A

-quicker
-opens

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27
Q

What are the types of overload devices

A

-bimetallic
-solder
-electronic

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28
Q

The max current rating of a seperate overload device is dependent on what 2 things

A

-Full load cuurent
-service factor

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29
Q

without a service factor must have overload protection calculated based on what code rules

A

115% of FLC (28-306)
140% of FLC (28-710) for hermetic motors using O/L relays

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30
Q

Describe the operating principals of a thermal overcurrent protecting device

A

-current sensitive material’
-in series with the motor
-heats ip and heat sensor trips

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31
Q

What are the advantages of electronic overloads compared to fixed thermal overloads

A

-can be dialed to specific trip setting

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32
Q

What name is assigned to the device which protects an electric motor burning out?

A

-overload

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33
Q

What is the service factor percentage multiplier for a SF of 1.15 or greater

A

125%

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34
Q

What is the service factor percentage multiplier for a SF of less than 1.15

A

115%

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35
Q

What is the service factor percentage multiplier for a hermetic motor proteccted by a overload relay

A

140%

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36
Q

For Schools/hotels/hospitals what code section do you go to

A

Section 8

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37
Q

What do hydroelectric dams use

A

a resivoir

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38
Q

How do large power utility wind terbines work

A

-use generators that produce AC b/c easier to connect the output to the transmission line.

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39
Q

What type of current do smaller wind terbines use

A

DC

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40
Q

what do wind terbine breaks do

A

-prevents wind terbine from rotating if the wind speeds are too great

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41
Q

What must be opened to completley de-energize the panelboards branch cct compartment

A

-utility diconnect switch
-diconnect switch
-BOTH!!!!!!!

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42
Q

whats the most common way of producing electricity from the sun

A

photovoltaic cells

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43
Q

light is made of particles called ________________

A

photons

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44
Q

examples of renewable energy sources

A

-solar
-wind
-hydro power
-geothermal

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45
Q

2 methods used for hydropower electrical generation? advatage and disadvantage of each

A
  1. resivoir: D, alters body of water. a, allows water to be held for later power generation
  2. gates: A, can increase/decrease water flow. D, excess water from run off
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46
Q

what is the puirpose of the gearbox and break in wind terbine

A

prevents wind terbine from rotating if winds are too high

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47
Q

what is the purpose of a silicon solar cell

A

produces potential difference

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48
Q

What is a solar cell

A

-individual source of energy

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49
Q

what is a solar module

A

-a panel that has many cells connected together to increase the output voltage and current capacity

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50
Q

what is the solar array

A

many solar modules connected together to increase the voltage and current capacity

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51
Q

what type of battery technology is used for most renewable energy storage systems?

A

lead-acid

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52
Q

What function does the charge controller serve in a battery storage system?

A

-prevents batteries from being damaged from over charging
-done by limiting current and voltage of battery

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53
Q

what are stand alone solar systems

A

-not connected to the power grid or use a back-up generator must have enough capacity to supply max exited load

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54
Q

the amount of power required to be supplied by the stand alone solar system deoends on what

A

electrical load connected to the system

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55
Q

for solar systems what is the total watt-hours/day multiplied by to compensate for all the systems innefficiencies

A

multiply by 1.25

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56
Q

The size of a battery bank for solar _____________ the more times its completley discharged

A

decreases

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57
Q

What is an AC module

A

-A complete emviromentally protected assembly of interconnected solar cells
-generates AC power from sunlight

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58
Q

What is an array

A

-assembly of photovolataic modules with a support structure and foundation,tracking and other things required to form a power-producing unit

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59
Q

What is a bipolar system

A

-a solar photovolataic system with 2 monopole photovoltaic source or output ccts has an opposite polarity to a common refrence point or centre tap

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60
Q

What is a charge controller

A

-equipment controlling DC voltage or current or both
-charges a battery or other storage device

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61
Q

whats an interactive system

A

-a power production system that operates in //
-can deliver power to another system such as a supply authority system

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62
Q

whats an inverter-combination inverter/power conditioning unit

A

-used to invert DC into AC at a fixed voltage and frequency in a stand-alone system or following wave form in a utility interactive system

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63
Q

whats a power conditioning unit

A

-used to change voltage level or waveform or alternating or regulate a power sources output

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64
Q

what is a utility-interactive inverter

A

-used in // with an electric utility and uses prevailing line voltage frequency on the utility line as control preamiter
-ensuring that the renewable energy systems output is fully synchronised with the utility power

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65
Q

what is a monopole

A

-an array or portion of an array with 2 source cct conductors
-one + and one -

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66
Q

what is a nacelle

A

-the body,shell, and casing covering the gearbox, generator, blade hub and other parts mounted on the top of a tower structer of a propeller-type wind terbine and electronically connected to the rest of the wind terbine generator electrical system after instillation

67
Q

what is a photovoltaic combiner

A

-an assembly of buses and connections that may have over current devices,control apparatuses, switches or others connected to a photovolatic source cct or outputs of other combiners to create an output at higher current or voltage or both

68
Q

what is a photovoltaic module

A

-a complete, enviromentally protected asssembly of interconnected solar cells

69
Q

what is a photovoltaic output cct

A

-cct conductors between the photovoltaic source ccts and the power conditioning unit or DC utilization equipment

70
Q

what is a point of common coupling

A

-point where the supply authoritys system is connected to the power producers facilities or conductors

71
Q

what is rated power on a small wind turbine

A

-max power output at a wind speed of 11m/s or less

72
Q

what is renewable energy

A

-energy from resources that are naturally replenished
-like sun,wind,water

73
Q

what is a solar cell

A

-the basic photovoltaic device that generates electricity when exposed to light

74
Q

what is a solar photovoltaic system

A

-all the comonents and subsystems that convert solar energy into electrical energy sutible for connection to a utlization load

75
Q

what is a stand-alone system

A

-system that supplies power independantly of a supply authorys network

76
Q

what is a supply conductor

A

-conductor used to connect the system to its electrical point of delivery

77
Q

what is a tower for wind terbines

A

-a pole or other structure that supports a wind turbine

78
Q

what is a wind-large wind system

A

-system that has 1 or more wind turbines
-rated power output exceeds 100kW

79
Q

what is a small wind system

A

-system that has one or more wind turbines with a rated output up to and including 100kW

80
Q

what is a wind turbine

A

-mechanical equipment that converts wind kinetic energy into electrical energy

81
Q

what is the wind turbine generator

A

-all electrical equipment and ccts within the wind turbine structure to the point of coupling to the load or grid

82
Q

what code section do you find renewable energy

A

section 64

83
Q

the sum of the current ratings of overcurrent devices in ccts supplying power to a busbar or conductor can exceed bus bar or current rating by a max of ____________% in non residential. what code rule for non residential to find this

A

120%
-64-112(4c)

84
Q

in residential the supplying power to a busbar or conductor can exceed busbar conductor rating to a max of _______________%

A

125%

85
Q

what is corrosion

A

an electrochemical reaction where metals oxidize

86
Q

when do metals corrode

A

-when they are in the presence of an oxidizing agent

87
Q

what is the most common oxidising agent

A

oxygen

88
Q

an atom ____________ an electrical charge when it contains the same number of electrons and protons

A

does not have

89
Q

when an atom loses one or more electrons it becomes __________

A

positibve because has more positibe protons

90
Q

oxidisation occurs when an atom _____________ one or more electrons

A

loses

91
Q

What 2 things are needed for corrosion to occur

A
  1. oxidising agent
    2.reducing agent
92
Q

the more _____________ the reduction potential, the less likely the element is to oxidize

A

positive

93
Q

the more _______ the reduction potential, the more likely the element will oxidise

A

negative

94
Q

what are 2 types of corrosion

A

1.standard corrosion, in a single type of material
2. galvanic corrosion, caused by joining 2 dissimilar metals together

95
Q

for standard corosion what does the small potential difference cause

A

-allow current to flow from a more negative area to a more positive area in the piece of iron

96
Q

what is commonly used to protect steel

A

zinc, done by applying a thin coating of zinc over the steel

97
Q

what happens when zinc corrodes

A

-creates a protective coating of zinc oxide which prevents water molecules from reaching the zinc and iron in the steel.

98
Q

what is steel with zinc coating called

A

galvinized steel

99
Q

when does galvinized corrosioon occur

A

-when 2 dissimilar metals are connected in the presence of an electrolyte like water
-the metal with the lower reduction potential oxidizes, giving up its electrons to the other material with the higher reduction potential

100
Q

What enchances corrosion

A

-electrolytes
-acids
-temperatures

101
Q

an ______________ in temperature causes an increase in corrosion

A

increase

102
Q

corrosion rate doubles for every ___________ in temperature

A

10 degrees celcius increase

103
Q

What is corrosion

A

electrochemical reaction where metals oxidize

104
Q

what are the terms oxidization and reaction occurs

A

-oxidization- happens when an atom loses one or more electrons rusts with water and oxygen
-reduction- happens when electrons positive charge is reduced

105
Q

What happens if steel bolts are used to hold 2 peices of copper together? what is the name for this corrosion

A

-Galivanic corrosion
-2 dissimilar metals are connected in the presence of an electrolyte

106
Q

whats the electrochemical reaction when iron rusts?

A

-when are an atom loses 1 or more electron chemical that recieves electrons is being reduced, loss of electrons cause corrosion

107
Q

What is galvanized steel

A

-steel with zinc coating

108
Q

What are 3 things that accelerate the corrosion process?

A

-higher temp
-acids
-electrolytes
-lower PH level water (more acidic)

109
Q

Cathodic protection is a method that _________________ the corrosion of metals

A

prevents

110
Q

What are the 2 parts to a cathodic protection system

A

-anode
-cathode

111
Q

what is an anode

A

-the peice of metal that loses electrons

112
Q

What is a cathode

A

-the piece of metal that recieves the electrons

113
Q

what is the galvanic cathodic protection

A

-uses sacraficial anodes
-no power supply

114
Q

What is impressed currrent cathodic protection

A

-uses DC power supply
-uses anodes

115
Q

An anodes usuable life is determined by what

A

-anodes mass and material
-size od structor being protected
-conditions (moisture,salt, acidic levels, temperature)

116
Q

Larger anodes take _______________ to corrode and have a _____________ lifespan

A

-longer
-longer

117
Q

an anodes chemical material determines how much _________________ is supplied to the protected structure

A

current

118
Q

the more current an anode supplies the ______________________ it takes to currode

A

faster

119
Q

An anodes life span ______________________ if more of them share the responsibility of protecting the structute

A

increases

120
Q

Advantages of galvinized cathodic protection

A

-no need for power supply
-less cost
-little or no matience other then periodic replacement

121
Q

disadvantages of galvinized cathodic protection

A

-low current output
-hard to test
-shorter anode life
-no power switch
-might not protect structure if grounded with copper conductors

122
Q

impressed current cathodic protection is used where _________________ current is required to protect a structure

A

more

123
Q

most impressed current anodes have a _______________ lifespan when compared to sacraficial anodes.

A

longer

124
Q

Where is an impressed current system usually installed

A

-poorly coated, very large or bare metal structures

125
Q

What to impressed current systems use

A

-DC power supply

126
Q

For an impressed current system the _____________ output of the supply is connected to the structure and the _______________ output is connected to the anodes

A

-negatove
-positive

127
Q

what does a recifier do in an impressed current system and how does it work.

A

-pulls electrons from anode and pushes them into the cathode
-structure still loses electrons but cant corrode because there are alwasys electrons flowing to the structure

128
Q

an anode in an impressed current system ________________ the structure and eliminates any potential differences inside the metal

A

polirizes

129
Q

___________ current is required when the anodes are closer to the object but more are required to light the object

A

less

130
Q

Anodes for galvinized cathodic protection for a land bases structure are usually made from what and why

A

-magnesium
-allows higher current to protect structure

131
Q

impressed current anodes are dicided into 2 categories

A
  1. conventional anodes
    2.precious metal anodes
132
Q

what are the 2 types of conventional anodes

A
  1. graphite
    2.high silicon cast iron
133
Q

precious metal anodes are what material

A
  1. platnium
  2. mixed metal oxide
134
Q

What does the consumption rate determine on anodes

A
  • how much mass is lost at the anode per uear based on the amount of current needed to protect the structure
135
Q

The max current density is the ___________________________ that sould be supplied by the anoded based on its surface area

A

max current

136
Q

Aditional ___________ is placed berween the canister and the ground to reduce resistance on impressed current systems

A

coke breeze

137
Q

What are magnesium anodes used for and what are their attributes

A
  • galvanic cathodic protection
    -installed in a sack filled with gypsum/bentonite backfill
    -backfill retains moisture
    -provides a constant enviroment for the anode
138
Q

__________________ are where one or more anodes are installed. What are the 3 configurations

A
  • Ground beds
    1. remote
    2.descreet
    3. linear anodes
139
Q

When are remote anodes used

A

-protect a large area and only used with impressed current cathodic protection
-100-500+ ft deep
- 8-75amps

140
Q

disadvantage of remote anodes

A
  • anodes very deep in ground
    -expensive to drill to install
141
Q

what is a descreet ground bed

A

-anodes installed 5-10 feet from the structure that is being protected
-5 to 10 feet below grade
-10-30 feet from centre to centre
-used for galvanic or impressed current vathodic protection
-more common for smaller structures

142
Q

what is linear anode systems

A

-uses one continuous anode thats located within 4 ft of the structure
-common in pipelines
-provides the most even protection
-requires the lowest power output
-easy to install

143
Q

3 main factors that accelerate the normal rate of corrosion

A
  1. electrolytes strenght
  2. acidic content
  3. ambient temp
144
Q

Drier soil has higher resistance then wet. theirfore it requires ____________ voltage to produce the same amt of current

A

more

145
Q

What formula to use to calculate the expected life of an anode

A

Weight x utilization factor divided by output x utlization factor

146
Q

the utlization factor is commonly ______________

A

80%

147
Q

consumption rate is rated in _____________

A

pound/amp year

148
Q

does mixed metal oxide or high silicon cast iron anodes last longer

A

mixed metal oxide

149
Q

Testing cathodic protection is carried out _____________

A

monthly

150
Q

____________ are used with the meter probes and only use one hand to reduce the chance of electrical shock

A

clips

151
Q

What are the causes for no output voltage from the rectifier

A

-Rectifier fuse is broken
-switch is off
-cct breaker at the panel is off/tripped
-transformer on rectifier cct is defective

152
Q

on a rectifier where is the built in ammeter located

A

-front of the rectifer

153
Q

NACE considers a structure to be protected from corrosion when it has a minimum of ______________ “instant off” reading or a ______________ from its “native” voltage

A

-850mV
-100mV

154
Q

The analog meter installed on the cathodic protection rectifier are reading 0 amps and 25-volts DC.
a) is the strucutre protected
b) what would be a reason for the ammeter to read 0 amps

A

a) no because no current
b) factory installed ammeter is faulty or DC output conductor is disconnected

155
Q

Impressed current cathodic protection systems require a _____________ to convert AC to DC

A

rectifier

156
Q

What code rule do you go to for cathodic protection

A

section 80

157
Q

what does the national building code of canada provide

A

-minimum requirements during a buildings construction phase

158
Q

Conductors for emergency lighting and fire alarm systems installed in a “high building” are required to have ________________

A
  • a fire rating of one hour
159
Q

what CEC code is used for emergency lighting

A

46

160
Q

NBCC requires that all public exists must have light fixures that has a minimum of _____________ lux

A

50

161
Q

2 main types of emergency lighting systems

A

-self contained- emergency lighting systems is installed on the same enclosures on batteries
-remote lamps and batteries- use remote lamps and batteries

162
Q

batteries used for emergency lighting are rated by _______________

A

wattage caoacity- max amt of power the battery can supply for th emin NBCC 30 miniute requirement

163
Q

formula to find lumens

A

lux x area

164
Q
A

Level 2 (10 decks)

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