Plotting Flashcards
generate random normal variates, with a given mean and std dev
rnorm()
evaluate the normal probability density, for a given mean and standard deviation
dnorm() - evaluates the lower tail by default
generate random binary random variable
rbinom() - binomial distribution
Take a sample from a range of numbers without replacement or with replacement
sample(1:10, 4) will get 5 2 1 9
sample(1:10, 4, replacement = T) will get 5 2 1 5
How to see the parameters of the base graphics system
type in :
?par - “coursera - memorize this page”
The main two functions of the base plotting system
hist()
plot(x,y)
set margins in base plotting
par(mar = c(2,2,2,2)) # this bottom, left, top, right
plot line on scatterplot
use abline() abline(vector, lwd = 3, col = 'blue')
Label x and y axis
plot(x,y, xlab = ‘label’, ylab ‘label’, main = ‘scatterplot’)
put multiple plots on the page
- setup par(mfrow=c(2,1)) creates a pane of 2 rows one column
- plot(x,y) #first plot
- plot(x,y) #second plot
you set things up by using par(mfrow =
alternate way to setup canvas than mfrow
mfcol() does column, rows
add data to existing plots
points()
points(x[g==’Male’], y[g==’Male’], col = ‘Blue’)
par variable that controls the type of shape (open circle, filled circle, etc_)
pch
see examples of different values for plotting symbols (circle, filled circle, etc)
example(pch)
add label to coordinate in scatterplot
text(x,y, ‘label’)
add legend to plot
legend(‘topleft’, legend = ‘data’, pch = 20)
make a scatterplot in lattice
xyplot(y~x | f) # shows the relationship b/w x and y before men and women separately, whatever after pipe is the condition you want to group by. A separate panel will be created for each categorization.
Using functions in the base plotting system in lattice
YOU CANT DO THIS, once you are in the “lattice” world, you can only use lattice functions. There are generally analgous functions to the baseplot in lattice.
How do you use the lattice package
library(lattice)
View help page on package
package ? lattice
library(help = lattice)
scatterplot matrix in lattice package
splom(~dataframe)
main function in ggplot
qplot()
data type needed for ggplot
data.frame
talk about facets parameter of qplot function
the paremeter is defined by rows~columns
facets = .~var then you will have three tables side by side in one row separated by 3 columns
facets = var~. then you will have three tables stack on top of eachother in one column but three rows
