PLMAT Flashcards
cells
smallest living organism and basic unit of life on earth
3 parts of cell
membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm
what’s nucleus?
contains of the cell’s DNA, sends messages to tell the cell to grow
membrane
ensure cell remains separate
cytoplasm
interiorof cell that surrounds the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton 💀
forms/ helps cell maintain correct shape.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 🤛
synthesizes, folds, and transports proteins.
Golgi apparatus 📦
post office of cell, where items go through packaging
mitochondria 🏠
powerhouses of cells.
help turn food into energy that cell can use
Ribosomes
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Read RNA and translate it into proteins by sticking together amino acids
two typesof cell division
mm
@ mitosis
most of cells in the body divide. The “parent” cell splits into two “daughter” cells.
@ meiosis
body produces sperm cells and egg cells.
Cell types? SBBMSEN
stem cells
bone cells
blood cells
muscle cells
sperm cell
egg cell
nerve cell
what is blood cell 🩸🩸💉
red blood cells - carry oxygen around body
white blood cells - part of immune system
platelets - help blood clot to prevent blood loss
Isaac Newton
The Father of Modern Physics
Heat and Thermodynamics
Heat- form of energy that produces hotness.
Thermodynamics- deals with the energy relationships involving heat
Methods of heat transfer
CCR
Conduction: transfer of heat from hotter body to colder body
Convection: transmission of heat due to movement of medium
Radiation: heat gets transmitted without the action
Types of equilibrium
TMC
Thermal equilibrium: temperature of every part of the system is the same as surroundings
Mechanical equilibrium: no unbalanced force
Chemical equilibrium: chemical composition is same throughout system.
Internal Energy ⚡🔌
sum total of the kinetic energy
kinetic energy.
energy possessed by atoms by virtue of their motion
Work
energy spent to overcome an external force.
electromagnetism 🔌
produced when electrical flows through conductor
DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid - carries genetic information
Molecule?
group of atoms together
Isaac Newton 2nd Law
Law of acceleration
f = ma
Ohms Law
current is voltage
NPN BODIES? 🦭
Negative
have excess electrons
Positive
deficiency of electron.
Neutral
the same number of protons and electrons.
Law of inertia
Isaac Newton - Law of motions
a body at rest will remain at rest
a body in motion will move unless force acts on
Transmutation ➡️⬅️⬆️⬇️
changing of one element to another
2 types of nuclear reactions
🐠🐋🐟
Nuclear fission
splitting of atom
Nuclear fusion
combining nuclei atom
Sound
a longitudinal wave and mechanical wave.
Sound can be transmitted in
solid, liquid or gas.
Sound is slower than
light.
Radioactive atoms - ABG
alpha particle
beta particle
gamma ray
High frequency sound
high pitch
Low frequency sound
low pitch.
Sound can exhibit the following properties: RRID
reflection (echo and reverberation),
refraction,
interference
diffraction.
Doppler Effect 🌊 👋
waves is moving with respect
laws of reflection state that:
a. incident ray, reflected ray, normal lie in the same plane.
b. angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
🤍 Refraction 🤍
bending light rays pass an angle from medium to another
Lenses form 📹📷
images by refraction.
Dispersion 🌈
separating white light into a band of colors.
Diffraction 👀
bending light passes through small opening.
Interference
two beams of light superimposed with one another.
Temperature
measure of hotness or coldness of body
Heat
energy in transit from body of higher temperature to lower temperature.
Thermal energy 🔥
resulting from heat flow
Internal energy
=
total of all energies in a substance
wave
a disturbance, travels through a medium
2 types of waves
T & L
Transverse waves
move up and down perpendicular
Longitudinal waves
move back and forth parallel
Highest points of waves are called
🗻
crests
Low points are called
troughs.
Amplitude
maximum displacement
Wavelength
distance between two successive crests or successive troughs.
Frequency
number of crests or troughs that pass a point per second. (Hz).
Work
force is causing body to move.
In equation,
W = F x d
SI unit of work is Nm or joule.
Energy
ability to do work.
Kinetic energy
energy due to motion.
use the equation
KE = 1⁄2 mv2
Potential energy
energy due to position.
use the equation
PE = mgd.
unit is joule.
The kinetic energy of free falling body
.
increases while its potential energy decreases.
The total mechanical energy of a free falling body
remains the same
The loss in potential energy
equals increase in kinetic energy
Power
rate of doing work.
In SI it is expressed in watts.
atom
smallest particle of an element.
nucleus
small dense core
diffusion 🤝
intermingling of the molecules
The atomic number is also equal to
number of electrons.
atomic mass or mass number is
S
sum of an atom’s protons and neutrons
reactants
substances that combine
mass of the reactants is
equal to the mass of the products.
