Pleura And Pericardium

Question 1

Name the 4 subdivisions of the parietal pleura

Answer 1

1. Cervical
2. Costal
3. Mediastinal
4. Diaphragmatic

Question 2

What innervates the Diaphragmatic and Mediastinal pleura?

Answer 2

Phrenic nerve

Question 3

What supplies the parietal pleura?

Bloody supply

Answer 3

1. Intercostals
2. Internal thoracic
3. Musculophrenic

Arteries

Question 4

What innervates the costal pleura?

Answer 4

Intercostal nerves

Question 5

At what region of the lung does the mediastinal pleura form the “pleural sleeve”

Answer 5

Root of the lung

Question 6

The pleural sleeve covering the root of the lung continued down past the Hilum as the ……?

Answer 6

Pulmonary ligament

Question 7

What is the purpose of the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 7

• to allow for space when the pulmonary veins expand

- stabilise the inferior lobe

Question 8

What membrane covers the cervical pleura?

Answer 8

Subpleural membrane

Which is an extension of the endothoracic fascia

Question 9

Describe the position of the Cervical pleura

Answer 9

• 2 inches above the first rib

- 1 inch above the medial third of the clavicle

Question 10

Is the parietal pleura sensitive to pain and why?

Answer 10

Yes, it is innervates by the intercostal and phrenic nerves, and is pain sensitive.

Question 11

What innervates the Visceral pleura? And is it sensitive to pain?

Answer 11

• Sympathetic fibres of spinal nerves at the level of T4 and T5
• not sensitive to pain

Question 12

What supplies the visceral pleura?

Answer 12

Bronchial arteries

Question 13

Describe the costomediastinal recess

Answer 13

• Space of the parietal pleura that allows for the expansion of the lungs during respiration
• Area pf the costomediastinal recess is marked by the costomediastinal line

Costomediastinal Line:
Right: sternoclavicular joint -> Sternal angel -> xiphisternal joint

Left:
4th -> 6th Costal cartilage

Question 14

Describe the costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 14

• space that allows the lungs to expand during respiration
• area decreases on inspiration and vica versa
• area is marked by the costodiaphragmatic line

Costodiaphragmatic line: 
Crosses the: 
-8th rib at the midclavicular line 
- 10th rib at the midaxillary line 
-12th rib at the lateral boarder of the sacrospinalis

Question 15

What separates the parietal pleura from the intercostal muscles?

Answer 15

Endothoracic Fascia