Pleura

Question 1

Which part of the lungs have no pleural coverage?

Answer 1

Hila

Question 2

When the two pleura combine, they give rise to which structure that anchors the root of the lung to the diaphragm?

Answer 2

pulmonary ligament

Question 3

A mediastinal shift indicates pleural effusion or pneumothorax?

Answer 3

pneumothorax

Question 4

In which cardiac condition is drainage of pleural effusion not required?

Answer 4

cardiac failure

Question 5

How are pleural effusion aspirates classified?

Answer 5

Transudate

Exudate

Question 6

What does a bilateral pleural effusion likely represent?

Answer 6

Heart failure

Question 7

Protein >30g/L indicates which type of effusion?

Answer 7

Exudate

Question 8

What is exudate effusion commonly linked with?

Answer 8

Malignancy
Infection
Pulmonary infarct
Asbestos

Question 9

Whats a normal pH of a pleural effusion?

Answer 9

~7.6

Question 10

What does low glucose in effusion indicate?

Answer 10

Infection

Malignancy

Question 11

What do lymphocytes in effusion indicate?

Answer 11

Infection like TB

Malignancy

Question 12

What do neutrophils in effusion indicate?

Answer 12

Acute inflammation

Question 13

Which type of culture bottle gives a higher yield in pl. effusion?

Answer 13

Blood culture

Question 14

What a very common and sensitive way of biopsy in pleural effusion?

Answer 14

CT guided thoracoscopy

Question 15

What occupational trigger is commonly associated with mesothelioma?

Answer 15

Asbestos

Question 16

What structural abnormalities will be present in a CT specimen of mesothelioma?

Answer 16

Pleural thickening

Shrinking of the lung

Question 17

What is the mainstay of mesothelioma treatment currently? Name the drug.

Answer 17

Palliative

Chemo with Cisplatin

Question 18

Which type of chemical pleurodesis is used in pleu. effusion? What is it’s common complication?

Answer 18

TALC

Minor fever & pleuritic pain

Question 19

Name the treatment in pleural effusion that can be controlled by the patient?

Answer 19

Long-term catheter to drain effusion as needed

Question 20

Name the guidance criterion used for mesothelioma survival?

Answer 20

LENT score

Question 21

At which area of the lung is a pneumothorax measured?

Answer 21

Hilum NOT apex

Question 22

What are the usual treatments for pneumothorax?

Answer 22

O2
Aspiration
Chest drain (if aspiration fails)
Surgery

Question 23

What type of fatal pneumothorax presents with absent breath sounds & ipsilateral chest movements with mediastinal shift?

Answer 23

tension pneumothorax

Question 24

Where exactly do you insert the needle for decompression in a tension pneumothorax?

Answer 24

2nd intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

Question 25

What does opacification up the side of the chest wall in a chest x-ray indicate?

Answer 25

empyema

Question 26

What is a complicated effusion?

Answer 26

+ve gram stain
pH <7.2
low glucose