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Philosophy > Plato Exam > Flashcards

Plato Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five branches of philosophy?

A

Metaphysics, Epistemology, Aesthetics, Ethics, and Logics

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2
Q

Epistemology

A

The study of knowledge; what can we know

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3
Q

Aesthetics

A

The study of art and beauty

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4
Q

Ethics

A

The study of morality and virtue

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5
Q

Logic

A

The study or arguments and validity

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6
Q

Metaphysics

A

The study of the ultimate nature of reality

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7
Q

Who were the other philosophers during Socrates time?

A

The naturalists and the sophists

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8
Q

Thales

A

“Everything is water”; Matter philosopher

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9
Q

Democritus

A

Knowledge was derived through sense perception

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10
Q

Anaximenes

A

Matter philosopher; the boundless was the origin of all things

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11
Q

Thales and Anaximenes

A

Both were pre-Socratic philosophers

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12
Q

What was is Socrates view of the relation between knowledge and virtue?

A

Knowledge is “recollection” and virtue is a gift of the gods (the whole package)

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13
Q

Necessary condition Socrates

A

Eg: Defining brother as sibling

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14
Q

Sufficient condition Socrates

A

Eg: Defining brother as unmarried male sibling

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15
Q

Socratic Method

A

We find the answer by asking a lot of questions

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16
Q

Socratic Irony

A

Socrates gets Euthrypho right were he wants him so that he can get the answer he wants

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17
Q

Aporia

A

Impass / the moment we discover we don’t know what we thought we knew

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18
Q

Logos

A

A rational argument

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19
Q

Mythos

A

Stories about the gods

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20
Q

The logos

A

Arguments

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21
Q

Social Contract Theory

A

An unspoken/written agreement

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22
Q

Eros

A

Sexual or romantic love

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23
Q

Where does the word erotic come from?

A

Eros

24
Q

Philos

A

Nonsexual love

25
Q

What is the first aporia in the text?

A

Menos definition of virtue

26
Q

Meno’s Paradox

A

We can’t search for what we do not know nor for what we do know

27
Q

Theory of Recollection

A

The soul is immortal for forgets at birth in a new body

28
Q

Valid Argument

A

Has a logical structure so that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true

29
Q

What is sufficient for virtue?

A

True opinion and knowledge

30
Q

Hubris

A

Excessive pride of acting like the gods

31
Q

What are the three phases of Diotima’s Speech?

A
  1. Eros is “in between”
  2. Tokos en kaloi
  3. The latter of love
32
Q

Eros is “in between”

A

Ugly & beautiful, bad & good, ignorance & wisdom, and mortal & immortal

33
Q

Daiminiom

A

A spirit that travels between the mortal and immortal realms

34
Q

Tokos en kaloi

A

All human beings are pregnant in body and soul and seek to give birth to what is inside them

35
Q

False dichotomy

A

Menos paradox

36
Q

The latter of love

A

Falling in love with a particular body -> love for all bodies -> love for souls -> love for beauty of souls activities -> beauty of knowledge that makes activity possible -> beauty of beauty itself

37
Q

Psyche

A

The life of the body

38
Q

The Form of Beauty

A

Eternal and unchanging, perceived with the soul, and knowledge is possible if we can perceive it

39
Q

Beautiful Things in Physical World

A

Come to be and pass away, perceive in the senses, tangible/physically existing

40
Q

What are the three arguments for the immortality of the soul?

A
  1. Harmony argument
  2. Weaver in the cloak
  3. Soul rules over the body
41
Q

Harmony Argument

A

The body is like a musical instrument instrument - if the body is damaged the soul is damaged

42
Q

Misanthropy

A

The hatred of human beings

43
Q

Misology

A

Hatred of the logos or argument/philosophy

44
Q

Argument of Affinity

A

The soul cannot die only the forms can

45
Q

What does the sun represent?

A

It is the form of the good

46
Q

What are some inevitable aspects of human life?

A

Evolution, income, equality, and sickness and health

47
Q

What were the Theory of the Forms meant to solve?

A

The Ethical Problem and The Problem of Permanence and Change

48
Q

What are the forms?

A

Transcendence, pure, archetypes, ultimately real, causes,, and systematically interacted

49
Q

The arguments for mathematics

A

The most certain knowledge we have could not have come from sense perception;

  1. In geometry we have access to squares and circles, bit such objects exist in the material world
  2. We can know truths such as 2+2=4 without having to check our experience of the material world
50
Q

The argument from relativism

A
  1. Relativism is self-defeating. If relativism is the view that there is no truth, then is relativism true?
  2. We do often objectively discuss and argue about concepts like beauty and truth and justice, and by this dialectic process we come to a better understanding of them.
51
Q

The argument from objectivity

A
  1. We already believe that the more objective a value is, the more real it is. This is shown by the way we distinguish real values from apparent ones.
  2. Only detachment from all particular desires for objects and persons can be completely objective.
52
Q

Reductio ad Absurdum

A

Disproof of a proposition by showing an absurdity to which it leads when carried to its logical conclusion

53
Q

Ad hominum argument

A

Appealing to one’s prejudices, emotions, or special interests rather than to ones intellect or reason

54
Q

Is an ad hominum argument valid?

A

Yes

55
Q

What is a fallacy?

A

A mistaken belief, especially one cased on unsound argument

Philosophy (2 decks)

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