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Philosophy > Plato > Flashcards

Plato Flashcards

1
Q

What is Plato’s real world called?

A

The world of the forms, this is eternal, immutable, perfect

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2
Q

What does plato call the material world

A

The world of appearances, this is changeable, imperfect, particulars

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3
Q

How does plato think true knowledge is gained

A

by reason not the senses

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4
Q

who should be leaders according to plato

A

philosopher

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5
Q

What analogy does plato use to explain reality and the theory of forms

A

the analogy of the cave

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6
Q

what do the shadows represent

A

the objects in the material world, experienced by the senses

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7
Q

who do the prisoners represent

A

empiricists, people in the material world who rely on their senses and experiences for the truth / knowledge

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8
Q

who does the escaped prisoner represent

A

the philosopher discovering true knowledge through reason

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8
Q

what does the sun represent

A

highest of all forms, the form of the good

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9
Q

what is the form of the good

A

the highest of all forms in the world of the forms

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10
Q

what does the cave represent

A
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11
Q

what does the world outside the caves show

A

the world of the forms

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12
Q

why are the prisoners chained

A

they are restricted by their senses and fooled into believing this world is all there is

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13
Q

why is the journey out of the cave so difficult

A

learning to rely on reason rather than the senses is difficult- philosophical enlightenment takes effort

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14
Q

what is cast on the wall

A

shadows of objects carried by people on a walkway in front of the fire

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15
Q

what happens when the freed prisoner returns to the cave

A

he can’t see well and the other prisoners threaten to kill him

16
Q

A.N Whitehead quote and meaning

A

“all western philosophy is footnotes to plato”- very important to western philosophy following the tradition of plato rationalism

17
Q

Cave analogy pros

A

-our senses deceive us like when a pencil is put In a glass of water it looks bent
-senses can trap us, like the chained prisoners we can be close minded and not want to consider other views and thinking, better to use reason
-relying on reason is difficult but worth it. journey out of cave

18
Q

analogy of cave cons

A

-relying on our senses is important as we use them to work out what the world is like and survive. e.g see blood feel pain need to respond
-elitist views of philosophy, not everyone can reason in this way
-too abstract, place more importance on the world we experience here and now

19
Q

rationalism

A

human reason is the source of all knowledge and truth

20
Q

key words used to describe the forms

A

ideal, concept, eternal, perfect, unchanging

21
Q

what words does plato give to describe changing objects in the real word

A

particulars or phenomena

22
Q

example of particular

A

flower will decay over time

23
Q

how do we recognise the forms

A

by anamnesis- recalling from when our souls were in the world of the forms

24
Q

what sort of concepts is Plato concerned with when he talks about the forms

A

justice, beauty, equality

24
Q

what is a form

A

a perfect, unchanging concept or ideal in the world of the forms

25
Q

epistemology

A

the study of knowledge

26
Q

metaphor of sun

A

good is to the mind as the sun is to the eye, just as the suns height enables the eye to see in the perceptible realm the good illuminates the mind and enables it to see in the unintelligible world

27
Q

theory of forms pros

A

-we observe that everything changes and decays, makes sense there is a world where things are perfect and immutable
-we can be deceived by our senses
-we do seem to understand what falls short of goodness due to an innate sense of goodness or beauty, e.g recognise beauty in a sunset
-(RESPONSE TO 3rd MAN) plato did not concern himself with such insignificant things as objects, concepts such as beauty more important

28
Q

theory of forms

A

-change is better than immutability as without it we could not change/ mature
-We disagree about right and wrong, concepts like beauty cannot be separated from beautiful things
- does everything have a form? 3rd man

29
Q

3rd man argument

A

Aristotle (explain argument)

Philosophy (2 decks)

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