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Hematology 2 > Platelet - notes > Flashcards

Platelet - notes Flashcards

1
Q

It consist of a granulr cytoplasm with a membrane but without nucleus

A

PLATELETS

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2
Q

Shape of platelets in a wright-stained Peripheral blood smear

A

Biconvex

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3
Q

What is the Mean Platelet Volume of platelets

A

8-10 femto liter

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4
Q

What is the normal value of platelets in human body?

A

150-400 x 10^9/L

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5
Q

It can be available in times of Acute Inflammation, After an injury, Major surgery, and Plateletpheresis

A

Sequestered platelet

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Plateles flows smoothly in blood vessel wall.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Platelets move laterally with the red blood cells in the white pulp of the spleen.

A

FALSE!!!! It moves laterally with the WHITE BLOOD CELLS

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8
Q

It is also called “stress platelets”

A

Reticulated platelets

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9
Q

It appear in compensation for thrombocytopenia

A

Reticulated Platelets

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10
Q

It appears cylindrical, beaded, and resembles fragments of megakaryocyte proplatelet process in a citrated whole blood

A

Reticulated plateles

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11
Q

It carries free ribosomes and fragments of rough ER

A

Reticulated platelets/stress platelets

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12
Q

In stress platelets, what is the nucleic dye that binds the RNA of the ER

A

Thiazole Orange

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13
Q

It is used to visualize stress cells microscopically

A

Thiazole Orange

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14
Q

It provides quantitative evaluation of reticulated platelet production under stress

A

Thiazole Orange

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15
Q

What is the most commonly used laser-based technology to study the ultrastructure of platelets?

A

Flow Cytometry

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16
Q

It is composed of 60% protein, 30% lipid, 8% carbs, various materials, water and nucleotides

A

PLATELET

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17
Q

What are the four anatomical areas of platelets?

A

Peripheral zone
Sol-gel zone
Organelle zone
Membranous zone

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18
Q

It is reponsible for adhesion and aggregation

A

Peripheral zone

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19
Q

Anatomical area of a platelet that is composed of microfilaments and microtubules

A

Sol-gel Zone

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20
Q

Anatomical area of the platelet that is composed of Alpha and Dense granules, mitochondria, and lysosomal granules

A

Organelle zone

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21
Q

In the membranous zone of platelets, where is the site for arachidonic acid metabolism?

A

Dense tubular System

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22
Q

It is a part of the membranous zone that twists spongelike throughout the platelet, enabling the platelet to store additional quantities of the same hemostatic protein

A

Surface connected canalicular system

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23
Q

It is a selectively permeable bilayer composed of proteins and lipids

A

Platelet plasma membrane

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24
Q

What are the predominant lipids found in the plasma membrane of platelets?

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS & CHOLESTEROL

Phospholipids forms the basic stricture

Cholesterol stabilizes the membrane, maintain fluidity, helps control the transmembranous passage of materials

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25
Q

Phospholipids that is predominant in the plasma layer

A

Neutral phospholipids

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26
Q

Phospholipids that is predominant in the inner cytoplasmic layer

A

Anionic or Polar phospholipids

27
Q

Phospholipid surface on which coagulation enzymes assembles and flips to the outer surface on activation

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

28
Q

It is anchored on the platelets plasma membrane that supports surface glycosaminoglycans, oligosaccharide and glycolipids

A

Glycoprotein and Proteoglycans

29
Q

What are the neutral phospholipids in the platelets plasma mambrane

A

Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin

30
Q

It controls the center for PLATELET ACTIVATION and sequesters Calcium and bears series of enzymes

A

Dense Tubular System

31
Q

What are the enzymes that support platelet activation?

A
  • phospholipas A2
  • cyclooxygenase
  • thromboxane synthetase
  • phospholipase C
32
Q

It inhibits cyclooxygenase

A

ASPIRIN :)

33
Q

Enzyme that supports the production of inositol triphosphate (IP3)

A

Phospholipase C

34
Q

Maintains the platelet’s shape

A

Circumferential microtubules

35
Q

Connect with actin and tubules to maintain shape of platelets

A

Intermediate Filaments (Desmin and Vementin)

36
Q

Other name of actomyosin

A

Thrombosthenin

37
Q

What is the tube used for clot retraction time

A

Red top

38
Q

It detects the contraction of thrombosthenin

A

Clot Retraction Time (CRT)

39
Q

Platelet granules that stain medium gray in TEM

A

Apha granules

40
Q

What is the dye used to stain alpha granules

A

Osmium dye

41
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Alpha granules is filled with proteins.

A

TRUE

and proteins in alpha granules can be:

  1. ENDOCYTOSED
  2. STORED IN PLATELETS
  3. SYNTHESIZED IN MEGAKARYOCYTE
42
Q

Platelet granules which contents flow in the NEARBY ENVIRONMENT

A

Alpha granules

43
Q

Roles of alpha granules in platelet

A
  1. Adhesion
  2. Aggregation
  3. Plasma coagulation
44
Q

Platelet granule that release their contents DIRECTLY INTO THE PLASMA upon activation

A

Dense Granules

45
Q

Normal Value of ALPHA GRANULES per platelet

A

50-80 per platelet

46
Q

Normal value of dense granules per platelet

A

2-7 per platelet

47
Q

It digest vessel wall matrix components during in vivo aggregation and may also digest autophagic debris

A

Lysosomes of platelets

48
Q

Enzymes that stain positive in platelets

A

Beta glucoronidase
Arylsulfatase
Catalase
Acid phosphatase

BACA!!!! BACA!!!! BACA!!!!

49
Q

Stoppage of blood flow

A

Hemostasis

50
Q

What are the four phses of platelet function

A

Platelet Adhesion
Platelet Activation
Platelet secretion
Platelet aggregation

51
Q

It is the process where platelets stick to foreign surface receptors.

A

Platelet Adhesion

52
Q

Absence of Gp1b will lead to what syndrome

A

BSS - Bernard Souller Syndrome (characterized by giant platelets)

53
Q

This is a substance that stimulate platelet activation

A

Agonist (ex. Arachidonic acid)

54
Q

It stimulates platelet secretion and serves as vasoconstrictor

A

Thromboxane A2

55
Q

Phase of platelet function where platelets release the content of their granules

A

Platelet secretion

56
Q

It is the attachment of platelets to each other that requires fibrinogen and calcium

A

Platelet aggregation

57
Q

Absence of gpIIb/IIIa will lead to what platelet abnormality

A

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

58
Q

It controls cellular activation for all cells

A

G proteins

59
Q

It binds guanosine diphosphate when inactive

A

Alpha-beta-gamma heterodimers

60
Q

It decelerates Adenylate cyclase

A

G1

61
Q

It Activates phospholipase C

A

Gg

62
Q

It activates protein kinase C

A

G12

63
Q

It accelerates Adenylate cyclase

A

Gs

Hematology 2 (1 decks)

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