Plate Tectonics ang Geological Activities

Question 1

Compositional Layers

Answer 1

Crust
Mantle
Core
* determined by their components

Question 2

Mechanical Layers

Answer 2

Lithosphere
Astenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
- determined by their physical properties

Question 3

Plates
Tectonic Plates
Lithospheric Plates

Answer 3

all the same things and meaning

Question 4

Crust

Answer 4

outermost layer of the Earth

Question 5

Two types of Crust

Answer 5

Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust

Question 6

Continental Crust

Answer 6

• thicker
• less dense
• granitic rocks
• older then oceanic

Question 7

Oceanic Crust

Answer 7

• thinner
• more dense
• basaltic rock
• younger than continental

Question 8

Mantle

Answer 8

located between the Earth’s crust and core

Question 9

Two main sections of Mantle

Answer 9

Upper Mantle
Lower Mantle

Question 10

Core

Answer 10

innermost layer of the Earth
composed of iron and nickel

Question 11

Two parts of the Core

Answer 11

Outer core
Inner core

Question 12

Lithosphere

Answer 12

rigid layer of the Earth

Question 13

Asthenosphere

Answer 13

semi-fluid layer that behaves plastically

Question 14

Mesosphere

Answer 14

• strong and lower part of the mantle
• more rigid and less ductile than asthenosphere

Question 15

Outer core

Answer 15

liquid layer of th Earth’s core

Question 16

Inner core

Answer 16

solid and the central part of the Earth’s core

Question 17

Discontinuities

Answer 17

layers are seperated from each other by transition zones

Question 18

Scientists involved in discontinuity

Answer 18

Victor Conrad
Andrijia Mohorovicic
William C. Repetti
Beno Gutenberg
Inge Lehmann

Question 19

Conrad Discontinuity

Answer 19

between upper and lower crust

Question 20

Moho/ Mohorovicic Discontinuity

Answer 20

between lower crust and upper mantle

Question 21

Repetti Discontinuity

Answer 21

between upper and lower mantle

Question 22

Gutenberg Discontinuity

Answer 22

between lower mantle and upper outer core

Question 23

Lehmann Discontinuity

Answer 23

between outer and inner core

Question 24

Seismic Waves

Answer 24

waves of energy that travel through the Earth’s layers

Question 25

2 types of Body Waves

Answer 25

P- waves (Primary waves)
S- waves (Secondary waves)

Question 26

P- waves (Primary waves)

Answer 26

• compressional waves that move back and forth direction
• fastest and travel through all state of matter

Question 27

S- waves (Secondary waves)

Answer 27

• shear waves that moves in perpendicular direction
• slower and travel only in solid matters

Question 28

Surface Waves

Answer 28

• travel among Earth’s surface and cause more damage
• slower than body waves

Question 29

2 types of Surface waves

Answer 29

Love waves
Rayleigh waves

Question 30

Love waves

Answer 30

cause horizontal shearing of the ground

Question 31

Rayleigh waves

Answer 31

cause a rolling motion, combining both vertical and horizontal movements

Question 32

Tectonic Plates

Answer 32

huge slabs of solid rock

Question 33

Scientists involved in PT Theory

Answer 33

Alfred Wegener (1912)
Arthur Holmes (1920s- 1930s)
Harry Hess (1960s)
Robert S. Dietz (1960s)
Walter Munk
J. Tuzo Wilson

Question 34

Plate Boundaries

Answer 34

lines at the edge of the different pieces of the lithosphere

Question 35

Plate Tectonic Theory

Answer 35

Earth’s lithosphere move slowly and constantly over time

Question 36

Formation of Plate Boundaries

Answer 36

Divergent
Convergent
Transform Fault

Question 37

Divergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 37

• seperate and move apart in opposite direction
• occurs at mid-ocean ridges (seafloor spreading) or rifted continental margins (rift valley)

Question 38

Convergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 38

two plates move toward each other

Question 39

Why oceanic plate sinks?

Answer 39

• it is denser than the continental plate
• convergence of two, the older plate sinks

Question 40

Subduction

Answer 40

geological process in which one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge

Question 41

Transform Fault Boundaries

Answer 41

• two plates slides past each other
• also called as Strike-slip fault

Question 42

Crustal Plates

Answer 42

• large and rigid pieces of the Earth’s lithosphere that move and interact on the planet’s surface
• is divided into several major and minor plates

Question 43

Major Tectonic Plates

Answer 43

Pacific Plate
North American Plate
Eurasian Plate
African Plate
Antartic Plate
Indo- Australian Plate
South Amerian Plate

Question 44

Minor Tectonic Plates

Answer 44

Nazca Plate
Phillipine Plate
Arabian Plate
Carbbean Plate
Cocos Plate
Scotia Plate
Juan de Fuca Plate