Plate Tectonics Flashcards
Inner core
Centre of the earth
Temp of 5500
Solid and made up of iron and nickel
Outer core
Liquid layer made of iron and nickel
Similar temps turns to the inner core
Mantle
Diameter of 2900
Made of magma
Upper parts are solid lower down it is soft and bendy
Crust
Layer upon which we live
Continental and oceanic crust
Continental drift
250 mill years ago the earth was one big continent called Pangea
This idea was proposed by James Wagner who’s German
The continents are slowing drifting apart
Continents fit together Africa and south americia
Same rock patterns on different continents
Constructive boundary
The two plates move apart by convection currents that rise within the mantle. Magma rises and creates new crust
Destructive boundary
When a oceanic plate meets a continental plate it is forced under as it is denser. This is called SUBDUCTION. This can cause earthquakes as it sinks magma melts it this can cause explosive earthquakes
Conservative boundary
The plates move horizontally past each other. Nothing is destroyed or created. Sand Andreas falls
Collision boundary
Two plates of the same density meet which means they buckle upwards . The Himalayas
Volcanoes
Vent connecting magma to the earths surface
Tiltmeters
Detect change in the slope
Benefits of volcanoes
Ash produce very good soils for farming
Volcanic rocks are good for building
Disadvantages of volcanoes
Can kill people
Economic activity can suffer
Seismic wave
A wave that travels through the earth
How does an earthquake happen
Plates on the earths crust move do to convection currents
Plates try to move past each other and stick. This causes tension
When the force overcomes the tension it releases a jolt
Focus
Epicentre
Point underground where the jolt happens
The point on the surface above the jolt
Magnitude
The amount of energy given out. Reported on a Richter scale
Immediate effects of earthquakes
Knock on effects
Building collapse
Roads destroyed
People lose jobs
Tsunamis
Limiting the damage
Emergency services can practise
Stockpile medicine and food
Contrsuct eaethwuake buildings
Development
Change and growth and it occurring all over the world
Indicators of led and medc
Life expectancy birth and death rate
Adult literacy
Ledcs tend to have
Many people in poverty
Poor infrastructure
High unemployment
Tsunami
A large wave of seawater causes by earthquakes under the water
The shock waves create small waves in the ocean they become larger as the water gets shallower
Defend tsunami
Build sea wall
Japan earthquake
Happens on 11 March 2011
Magnitude of 9.0
15000 dead
Mount merapi
Located on the island of Java in Indonesia
It erupted on the 25th of October 2010 when the indo Austrian plate was subjected beneath the Eurasian plate
