Plate Tectonics Flashcards
Major tectonic plates
- Antarctica and the surrounding oceanic plate
- North American plate
- South American plate
- Pacific plate
- India-Australia-New Zealand plate
- Africa with the eastern Atlantic floor plate
- Eurasia and the adjacent oceanic plate
Divergent convergent and transform boundary diagram
Remember the diagram in OneNote under convection cell topic
3 ways the plate interacts are?
Convergence divergence and translations
Convergent Boundary it’s types and what it forms?
1. ocean-ocean convergence (formation of volcanic island arcs) 2. ocean-continent convergence (formation of continental arcs and fold mountains). 3. continent-continent convergence (formation of fold mountains)
Island arc
narrow chain of islands which are volcanic in origin. An island arc is usually curved.
4 Examples of o-o convergence
- Japanese island arc
- Indonesian Archipelagos
- Philippine Island Arc
- Caribbean Island
Deepest trench?
Mariana trench
How plates subducts in o-o convergent?
Denser plate subducts forming trench along boundary
How island arcs are formed?
Plates subducts and starts to melt as magma, which is lighter. So moves upward creating constant volcanic eruptions at ocean sea floor
Plates responsible for Philippine island arc system
formation is coz of convergence of o-o or o-c?
Philippine sea plate subducts under Sunda plate to create Philippine trench
Indonesian archipelagos formation is coz of convergence of o-o or o-c?
Indo-Australian plate subducting below Sunda plate creating Sunda trench. Between Java and Sumatra
3 plates of Japanese trench
formation is coz of convergence of o-o or o-c?
Eurasian plate, Philippine plate and Pacific plate
Example of Fold mountain formed coz of o-c convergence
Rockies
Andies
What are formed of o-c convergence
Fold mountain also by c-c convergence
Trench (but not very deep)
Continental arc
A narrow chain of volcanic mountains on continents (Cascade Range).
Ocean crust start melting @?
Asthenosphere
Which is below lithosphere. Ocean crust starts melting.
Andes formed coz of o-c convergence, are closer to the continental margin than the rockies due to?
Steep subduction by the oceanic plate
Continent-Continent Convergence 4 example.
the Himalayas, the Alps, the Urals and the Atlas Mountains. The Appalachian mountain (though on continental shelf)
Why no volcanic activity on Himalayan region.
continental crust in C-C is 50 – 70 km thick. Magma cannot penetrate
Divergence of C-C leads to?
Formation of Rift Valley.
4 steps in divergence of c-c.
- Up-wrapping of the lithosphere
- Formation of Rift Valley
- Narcent sea like Red Sea etc.
- Formation of ocean and mid-oceanic ridge.
Few of the largest lake are present in Rift Valley.
Deepest lake in the world?
Also having most volume of water.
Lake Baikal - Russia
20% of worlds unfrozen surface fresh water.
Lake Tanganyika?
Is it part of great Rift Valley.
Longest
2nd deepest and 2nd most volume of water
Lake Superior
Largest freshwater lake by area
Lake Victoria and is it part of great Rift Valley?
2nd largest freshwater lake by area
Divergence magma is generally?
Basaltic
height of the mountains is considered from the ocean floor
Mauna Kea (9140 m) from sea surface it is 4190mt dormant volcanic mountain in the Hawaii hotspot volcanic chain.
Where 30mt telescope will be built
Mauna loa is another mountain in Hawaii, don’t confuse it with Mauna Kea.
Examples of fold mountain
Appalachian, aural,
Aravalli
Rockies, Andes, alps, Himalaya
In block mountain, uplifted block and lowered block is called as?
Horst and graben
When does fault occurs?
Coz of compression and tension forces.
Compression coz convergent boundary
Tension coz of divergent boundary
Longest mountain range?
Andes
Then Rockies
The highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System.
it is Olympus Mons on Mars 26Km
Also highest active volcano in solar system
Highest peaked
Everest K2 Kangchenjunga Lhotse Makalu Cho you
4 phases of formation of fold mountain and explain each phase.
- O-O convergence- Narcent Ocean floor collides with continental ocean floor leads to formation of volcanic arc along with trench.
- O-C convergence- 2nd oceanic plates also starts subducting.
- B/w Trench and continental plate - geosyncline is developed
- Oceanic plate disappearance and c-c plate collisions- geosynclines compress and folding occurs of rock and sediment both to make mountain
