Plate Tectonics Flashcards
From the seismogram, the distance to the epicenter can be determined by measuring
difference in the arrival times of the P and S-waves
When two tectonic plates collide, the oceanic crust usually subducts beneath the continental crust because it is
Denser than the continental crust
IfyouvisitaplaceinthePacificknowntobealongconvergingplates, which of these should you NOT expect to see?
a. active volcanoes C. rift valleys
b. mountain ranges d. volcanic islands
You are an oceanographer and want to map the ocean floor on the east coast of the Philippines. As you do your study, you notice that there is a portion in the ocean floor which is relatively much deeper than the rest. What most likely is that deeper part?
Trench
What do you expect to find at a mid-ocean ridge?
relatively young rocks
Crustal plate A is moving away from crustal plate B. What is the expected average rate of change in position between A and B?
a few centimeters per year
Which plate boundary is formed between the Philippine plate and the Eurasian plate?
convergent
This part of the module will focus on the outermost layer which is called _____.
crust
The plates move very slowly but constantly, and this movement is called _______ ; thus the theory of moving lithospheric plates is called ___________
tectonics
plate tectonics.
Formula of Distance of the Epicenter
d = Td x 100 km/8 seconds
Where: d = distance (km)
Td = time difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave
mountains formed in part by igneous activity associated with subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent
Continental Volcanic Arc
a boundary in which two plates move toward each other, causing one of the slabs of the lithosphere to subduct beneath an overriding plate
Convergent Boundary
the thick part of the Earth’s crust, not located under the ocean
Continental Crust
the thin part of the Earth’s crust located under the oceans
Oceanic Crust
a region where the crustal plates are moving apart
Divergent Boundary
vibration of Earth due to the rapid release of energy
Earthquake
a break in a rock along which movement has occurred
Fault
any break in a rock in which no significant movement has taken place
Fracture
the science that studies Earth
Geology
a concentration of heat in the mantle capable of creating magma
Hot spot
a mass of molten rock formed at depth, including dissolved gases and crystals.
Magma
a continuous mass of land with long width and height on the ocean floor.
Mid ocean ridge
rigid sections of the lithosphere that move as a unit
Plates
a theory which suggests that Earth’s crust is made up of plates that interact in various ways, thus producing earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes, and other geologic features
Plate Tectonics
the first type of seismic wave to be recorded in a seismic station
Primary Wave
consolidated mixture of minerals
Rocks
second type of earthquake wave to be recorded in a seismic station
Secondary Wave
a record made by a seismograph
Seismogram
a device used to record earthquake waves
Seismograph
an event in which a slab of rock thrusts into the mantle
Subduction
The rigid, outermost shell of a rocky planet
Litosphere
a boundary produced when two plates slide past each other
Transform Fault Boundary
a depression in the seafloor produced by subduction process
Trench
a chain of volcanoes that develop parallel to a trench
Volcanic Island Arc
Destructive Boundary an actively deforming region where tectonic plates move toward one another and collide
Convergent Fault
Constructive/extensional a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
Divergent Boundary
The position where the strain energy stored in the rock is first released, marking the point where the fault begins to rupture
Focus
____________ give rise to several geologic features and events.
Plate tectonics
As a result of the motion of the plates, three types of plate boundaries were formed:
Divergent, Convergent, and Transform fault boundaries.
Each plate is slowly but continuously _______.
Moving
According to the plate tectonics model, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into numerous segments called ______.
plates
Latin word were tectonics came from
Tectonicus
Pertaining to building
Tektovikos
You were provided with data showing the arrival time of the P and
S-waves recorded from three seismic stations. Which of these can you possibly determine?
Location of the Epicenter
