PLATE TECTONICS Flashcards
Directly above the focus of an earthquake
Epicenter
Landmass that projects above its surroundings, higher than a hill.
Mountain
An apparatus to measure and record vibrations within the Earth and the ground.
Seismograph
Shaking or trembling of the Earth that is volcanic or tectonic in origin.
Earthquake
Name the seven large plates in the world.
African, Antarctic, Eurasian, North American, South American, India Australian, Pacific
Which mountain range is referred to as the “backbone of Luzon”?
Sierra Madre is known as the “backbone of Luzon”
It is an area in the Pacific Ocean basin with a high frequency of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
“Ring of Fire” or “Circum Pacific Belt”
What causes earthquakes?
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden and rapid movement of volume rock.
Fractures along Earth’s crust.
Faults
What does “Seismology” study?
Seismology is the study of earthquakes or seismic waves.
Surface Waves
Surface Waves: Earth’s Surface, Lower frequency, Responsible for damages.
Where do Body Waves travel to?
Body Waves travel to the inner layers of the Earth.
Name the two types of Body Waves.
P-Wave or Compressional: Pushing or Pulling.
S-Wave: Slower, Move in solid rock, Side to side or Left to right, Perpendicular to where wave is traveling.
Name the three types of volcanoes.
Cinder: Simplest; most common cone shape; 100-400m.
Shield: Huge; gently sloped; 9000m; lava.
Composite: Tall; 100-3500m; ash and lava.
What are the three types of volcanic eruptions?
Phreatic: Steam-driven; water beneath is heated by magma.
Phreatomagmatic: Magma and water are violently mixing.
Magmatic: Rise of magma toward the surface; has thunder.
