Plate 1-4 : The Cell Flashcards
peroxisomes
small vesicles in cytoplasm that contain enzymes that degrade hydrogen peroxide and fatty acids
golgi apparatus
one or more flattened stacks of membranes that modify and package proteins and lipids for intracellular or extracellular use
plasma membrane
the cell membrane, composed of a lipid bilayer that functions in protection, secretion, uptake, sensitivity, adhesion, and support; the membrane can fuse with a secretory vesicle to release its contents in a process called exocytosis, or take up extracellular substances in a process called pinocytosis; the membrane may possess specialized receptors along its surface
cytoplasm
the aqeous matrix of the cell outside of the nucleus, containing inorganic ions, organic molecules, intermediate metabolites, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and RNA
mitochondria
organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation for energy; mitochondria possess an outer membrane and a folded inner membrane
lysosomes
vesicles containing digestive enzymes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
membranous network in the cytoplasm, studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis (rough ER) or lacking ribosomes and involved with lipid and steroid synthesis (smooth ER)
centrioles
paired bundle-like inclusions essential for chromosome movement in cell division
nucleolus
a small structure within the nucleus containing condensations of RNA and proteins
cell nucleus
structure surrounded by inner and outer membranes; the nucleus contains chromsomes, enzymes and RNA; the nuclear membrane, or envelope, is perforated by small nuclear pores
ribosomes
tiny particles in cytoplasm containing RNA and proteins, both free and attached to rough ER; ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis by translating amino acid protein coding under the direction of messenger RNA (mRNA)
microfilaments
inclusions that provide strength and support for the cell
microtubules
inclusions contained in the cytoskeleton that assist in in intracellular transport
