Plastids Flashcards

1
Q

Plastids are [blank] bound organelles and are the parent organelle to 3 types of “plasts”

A

chloroplasts, chromoplasts, amyloplasts

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2
Q

3 general functions of plastids

A

-store strach
-produce pigment
- photosynthesis

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3
Q

there are many types of plastids that come from the proplastid such as:

A

leucoplast, elaiopolast, chromoplast, chloroplast, amyloplast, etioplast

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4
Q

function of elaioplast

A

store oil

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5
Q

function of amyloplast

A

store starch

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6
Q

function of chromoplast

A

produce pigment

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7
Q

function of leucoplast

A

colorless plastid, involved in synthesis of metabolites

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8
Q

function of gerontoplast

A

degradation

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9
Q

structure of chloroplast

A
  • stroma
  • envelope membrane
  • grana/stroma thylakoid
  • plastoglobules
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10
Q

function of chloroplast

A

light dependent reaction in granal thylakoid stacks, and dark reactions in stroma

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11
Q

chloroplast genome is

A

circular/prokaryotic
has own genome
supports endosymbiosis theory

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12
Q

chloroplasts move in response to the [blank] and [blank] of light in leaf cells

A

intensity, direction

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13
Q

in dim light, chloroplasts align [blank]

A

perpendiculary

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14
Q

in bright light, chloroplasts align [blank]

A

parallel, to minimize damage from intense light

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15
Q

chloroplast move on which filament

A

actin

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16
Q

chloroplast movment is triggered by which wavelenght color

17
Q

[blank] wavelengths stimulate the formation of actin filaments on the leading edge of moving chloroplasts.

18
Q

These actin filaments help chloroplasts adjust their position within the cell to [blank]

A

optimize light capture

19
Q

Movement of actin mediated chloroplast movement occurs at a rate of [blank] and involves localized actin polymerization.

A

1 micron per minute

20
Q

stromules are [blank] that can form connections with neighboring chloroplasts.

A

extensions from chloroplasts, form neighbouring connections

21
Q

function of stromules

A

transfer of materials between chloroplasts

22
Q

Most genetic screens for factors influencing chloroplast movement have been conducted in [blank] (a plant type)

A

Arabidopsis

23
Q

Researchers use chemical mutagens like [blank] to create random mutations and study their effects on chloroplast movement. They look for key genes involved in processes like [blank] and [blank]

A

EMS, actin polymerization and light response

24
Q

Chloroplasts interact with other organelles like [blank] and [blank] during photorespiration to recover carbon lost due to [blank] oxygenase activity.

A

mitochondria, peroxisomes, Rubisco’s

25
Q

How is FISH used with chloroplasts

A

Use FISH to visualize regions of the plastid genome
use fluorescent probes marking inverted repeats and total genome coverage.

26
Q

How do epi flurosescent techniques help

A

Techniques using epi-fluorescent microscopy allow researchers to track chloroplasts in real-time under varying light conditions.