Plastids

Question 1

Plastids are [blank] bound organelles and are the parent organelle to 3 types of “plasts”

Answer 1

chloroplasts, chromoplasts, amyloplasts

Question 2

3 general functions of plastids

Answer 2

-store strach
-produce pigment
- photosynthesis

Question 3

there are many types of plastids that come from the proplastid such as:

Answer 3

leucoplast, elaiopolast, chromoplast, chloroplast, amyloplast, etioplast

Question 4

function of elaioplast

Answer 4

store oil

Question 5

function of amyloplast

Answer 5

store starch

Question 6

function of chromoplast

Answer 6

produce pigment

Question 7

function of leucoplast

Answer 7

colorless plastid, involved in synthesis of metabolites

Question 8

function of gerontoplast

Answer 8

degradation

Question 9

structure of chloroplast

Answer 9

• stroma
• envelope membrane
• grana/stroma thylakoid
• plastoglobules

Question 10

function of chloroplast

Answer 10

light dependent reaction in granal thylakoid stacks, and dark reactions in stroma

Question 11

chloroplast genome is

Answer 11

circular/prokaryotic
has own genome
supports endosymbiosis theory

Question 12

chloroplasts move in response to the [blank] and [blank] of light in leaf cells

Answer 12

intensity, direction

Question 13

in dim light, chloroplasts align [blank]

Answer 13

perpendiculary

Question 14

in bright light, chloroplasts align [blank]

Answer 14

parallel, to minimize damage from intense light

Question 15

chloroplast move on which filament

Answer 15

actin

Question 16

chloroplast movment is triggered by which wavelenght color

Answer 16

blue

Question 17

[blank] wavelengths stimulate the formation of actin filaments on the leading edge of moving chloroplasts.

Answer 17

blue

Question 18

These actin filaments help chloroplasts adjust their position within the cell to [blank]

Answer 18

optimize light capture

Question 19

Movement of actin mediated chloroplast movement occurs at a rate of [blank] and involves localized actin polymerization.

Answer 19

1 micron per minute

Question 20

stromules are [blank] that can form connections with neighboring chloroplasts.

Answer 20

extensions from chloroplasts, form neighbouring connections

Question 21

function of stromules

Answer 21

transfer of materials between chloroplasts

Question 22

Most genetic screens for factors influencing chloroplast movement have been conducted in [blank] (a plant type)

Answer 22

Arabidopsis

Question 23

Researchers use chemical mutagens like [blank] to create random mutations and study their effects on chloroplast movement. They look for key genes involved in processes like [blank] and [blank]

Answer 23

EMS, actin polymerization and light response

Question 24

Chloroplasts interact with other organelles like [blank] and [blank] during photorespiration to recover carbon lost due to [blank] oxygenase activity.

Answer 24

mitochondria, peroxisomes, Rubisco’s

Question 25

How is FISH used with chloroplasts

Answer 25

Use FISH to visualize regions of the plastid genome
use fluorescent probes marking inverted repeats and total genome coverage.

Question 26

How do epi flurosescent techniques help

Answer 26

Techniques using epi-fluorescent microscopy allow researchers to track chloroplasts in real-time under varying light conditions.