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Plastics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three states of fluids and solids?

A

Viscous, Visco-elastic, Elastic

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2
Q

What are the three Polymer Synthesis methods?

A

Polymerization, Polycondensation, and Polyaddition

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3
Q

What are the three types of polymerization?

A

Radical, Ionic, Coordinative

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4
Q

What are some examples of polymers formed by polymerization?

A
  • Polyvinyl Chloride
  • Polyethylene
  • Polystyrene
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5
Q

What is polycondensation?

A

Monomers with functional groups react to form polymer.

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6
Q

What is polyaddition?

A

Two different monomers react to form a polymer

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7
Q

What are the three main categories of plastics?

A
  • Thermoplastics
  • Elastomers
  • Thermosets
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8
Q

What are the three types of copolymers?

A
  • Alternating copolymer
  • Statistical copolymer
  • Block copolymer
  • Graft copolymer
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9
Q

What are the steps for the recycling of thermoplastics?

A
  • Shredding
  • Washing
  • Drying
  • Melting
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10
Q

What are some properties of thermosets? (7)

A
  1. Few plastics are thermosets
  2. Cross-linked polymer with 3-D network structure
  3. Covalent bonds linking the chains
  4. Stiff and brittle
  5. Temperature resistant
  6. Non-meltable
  7. Heat loosens bonds
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11
Q

What are the typical components of thermosets?

A
  1. Resin
  2. Curing Agent
  3. Accelerator
  4. Hardener
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12
Q

What are the production categories of plastics?(3)

A
  • High-performance Plastics
  • Technical Plastics
  • Mass Plastics
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13
Q

What are some important plastics?

A
  1. Phenolic resin
  2. Epoxy resin
  3. Unsaturated polyester
    resin
  4. Polyimides
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14
Q

What are the three types of curing for plastics?

A
  1. Warm Curing
  2. Cold Curing
  3. Light Curing
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15
Q

Is curing endothermic or exothermic?

A

Exothermic

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16
Q

How do viscosity and temperature vary with time during curing?

A

Temperature increases then decreases

Viscosity decreases then increases

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17
Q

What is gel point?

A

Point after which resin can no longer be processed

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18
Q

What is degree of cure?

A

The percentage of resin that has cured.

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19
Q

What are the main characteristics of thermosets?(7)

A
  1. Undergo curing
  2. Low strain to failure
  3. Low fracture energy
  4. Irreversible processing
  5. Very low viscosity
  6. Absorb moisture
  7. Resistant to solvents
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20
Q

What are the advantages of thermosets? (6)

A
  1. Low processing temperature
  2. Good compression properties
  3. Resistant to creep
  4. Good fatigue properties
  5. Formable into complex shapes
  6. Highly resistant to solvents
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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of thermosets? (6)

A
  1. Long processing time
  2. Long cure
  3. Low ductility
  4. Low fracture toughness
  5. Low impact resistance
  6. Absorb moisture
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22
Q

What are some examples of epoxy resins?(3)

A
  • Araldite
  • UHU
  • EPON
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23
Q

What are some properties of epoxy resins?

A
  • Weather resistant
  • Good insulating
    properties
  • Low shrinkage
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24
Q

What are some examples of phenolic resins? (3)

A
  • Bakelit
  • Korex
  • Vyntec
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25
Q

What are some properties of phenolic resins? (3)

A
  • Very high stiffness compared to other polymers
  • Low creep deformation
  • Good fire properties
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26
Q

What are some properties of unsaturated polyester resins?

A
  • High to very high stiffness and hardness
  • Unresistant to permanent influence of hot water
  • Yellow under sunlight, but weather resistant
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27
Q

What are some examples of polyamides? (3)

A
  • Pl-film
  • Pl-semi-finished product
  • PMBI
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28
Q

What are some properties of polyamides? (4)

A
  • High strength and stiffness
  • Self extinguishing
  • Used as both thermoplastics and thermosets
  • Very good wear and sliding behavior
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29
Q

What are some basic properties of thermoplastics? (5)

A
  1. Absorb little moisture
  2. Limited resistance to
    organic solvents
  3. High strain to failure
  4. Reversible processing
  5. No curing required
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30
Q

What are the three classifications of thermoplastics?

A
  • Standard Plastics
  • Engineering Plastics
  • High-performance
    plastics
31
Q

What does morphology mean?

A

Order/arrangement of a polymer structure.

32
Q

What two morphologies exist in thermoplastics?

A
  • Amorphous
  • Semi-crystalline
33
Q

What is the synthesis process for polyethene?

A

Radical or catalytic chain-growth polymerization.

34
Q

What are the three types of polyethene?

A
  • PE-HD
  • PE-LD
  • PE-LLD
35
Q

What is polyethene resistant to? (5)

A
  • Acids
  • Bases
  • Polar organic liquids
  • Oils
  • Fats
36
Q

What is polyethene not resistant to? (3)

A
  • Hydrocarbons
  • Chlorinated
    hydrocarbons
  • Oxidizing agents
37
Q

How is PE-LD processed?

38
Q

How is PE-HD processed?

A

Injection/Blow molding

39
Q

How is poly propylene synthesised?

A

Catalytic chain-growth polymerization

40
Q

How is polypropylene processed? (4)

A
  • Injection Molding
  • Extrusion
  • Compression Molding
  • Calendering
41
Q

What is polypropylene not resistant to?

A

Strong oxidizing agents

42
Q

How is PVC synthesised?

A

Radical polymerization of vinyl chloride in the liquid phase under pressure.

43
Q

How is PVC differentiated by polymerization process? (3)

A
  1. PVC-E: Emulsion
  2. PVC-S: Suspension
  3. PVC-M: Mass
44
Q

How is PVC differentiated by properties?(2)

A

PVC-U: Unplasticized, rigid
PVC-P: Plasticized, soft

45
Q

How is PVC-U processed? (6)

A
  • Extrusion
  • Calendaring
  • Injection Molding
  • Blow Molding
  • Sintering
  • Compression Molding
46
Q

What is PVC-U resistant to? (5)

A
  • Acids
  • Bases
  • Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
  • Oils
  • Fats and Alcohols
47
Q

What is PVC-U not resistant to? (3)

A
  • Aromatic and Chlorinated hydrocarbons
  • Ketones
  • Esters
48
Q

How is PVC-P processed?(6)

A
  • Extrusion
  • Calendaring
  • Injection Molding
  • Film Blowing
  • Blow Molding
  • Compression Molding
49
Q

What is PVC-P resistant to? (3)

A
  • Diluted acid/base
  • Salt solutions
  • Cleaning Agents
50
Q

What is PVC-P not resistant to? (1)

A

All organic fluids

51
Q

How is polystyrene synthesised?

A

Radical chain polymerization

52
Q

What are the three types of polystyrene?

A

atactic, isotactic, and synotactic

53
Q

How is polystyrene processed?

A

(Injection molding, extrusion, thermo forming, injection blow molding)

54
Q

What is polystyrene resistant to? (5)

A

Bases, acids, alcohols, fats, oils

55
Q

What is polystyrene not resistant to?

A

Hydrocarbons, halogen hydrocarbons, esters, ketones

56
Q

How is polymethyl methacrylate synthesised?

A

Chain Polymerization

57
Q

How is polymethyl methacrylate processed? (3)

A
  • Extrusion
  • Injection Molding
  • Thermo forming
58
Q

What is Polymethyl methacrylate resistant to? (2)

A
  • Light acids and bases
  • Non-polar solvents
59
Q

What is Polymethyl methacrylate not resistant to? (1)

A

Polar solvents

60
Q

How is polycarbonate synthesized?

A

Polycondensation

61
Q

How is Polycarbonate processed?

A
  • Injection molding
  • Extrusion
  • Blow molding
  • Thermoforming
62
Q

What is polycarbonate resistant to? (4)

A
  • Diluted acids
  • Fuel
  • Oils
  • Ethanol
63
Q

What is polycarbonate not resistant to? (5)

A
  • bases
  • concentrated acids
  • ketones
  • esters
  • aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons
64
Q

How is polyamide synthesized?

A

Polycondensation

65
Q

How is polyamide processed?

A

Injection molding

66
Q

What are some examples of nitrogenous thermoplastics? (3)

A
  • Polyurethane
  • Polyamide
  • Polyacrylonitrile
67
Q

How is polytetrafluoroethylene synthesized?

A

Chain polymerization

68
Q

What is another name for polytetraflouroethylene?

69
Q

What is PAEK?

A

Polyaryletherketone

70
Q

What is PEEK?

A

Polyether ether ketone

71
Q

What are some processes for primary shaping of Plastics?(7)

A
  1. Extrusion
  2. Injection Molding
  3. Blow Molding
  4. Compression Molding
  5. Calendaring
  6. Spinning
  7. Casting
72
Q

What are some methods used for forming of plastics? (1)

A

Thermo-forming

73
Q

Why are thermoplastics used in aerospace? (7)

A
  1. Non-reacting
  2. Rapid processing
  3. High ductility
  4. High fracture toughness
  5. High impact resistance
  6. Absorb little moisture
  7. Can be recycled
74
Q

What are some disadvantages of thermoplastics in aerospace? (4)

A
  • High viscosity
  • High processing
    temperature
  • Poor creep resistance
  • High processing pressure

Materials Exam Upload (4 decks)

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