PLASMA PROTEINS Flashcards
-also known as tranthyretin
-binds retinol and thyroxine
pre-albumin
sensitive marker of poor nutritional status
half life: 2 days
prealbumin
plasma protein that has a greater concentration in the CSF than in plasma
prealbumin
most abundant protein in the blood
main transport protein
albumin
plasma protein that is a major contributor to oncotic pressure
albumin
plasma protein:
assessment of nutritional status
half life: 17-21 days
albumin
plasma protein:
has the highest binding capacity
most anodal protein
albumin
this is used in cases with hemolytic anemia as it contraindicates Hba1c
fructosamine
fructosamine is also known as?
glycated albumin
plasma protein:
neutralizes trypsin and elastase
alpha-1-antitrypsin
deficiency in a1-antitrypsin results to? (2)
juvenile cirrhosis
pulmonary emphysema
plasma protein:
also known as orosomucoid
a1-acid glycoprotein
plasma protein:
transports progesterone
a1-acid glycoprotein
plasma protein:
a principal fetal antigen and an oncofetal antigen
a1-fetoprotein
plasma protein:
in amniotic fluid
decrease in a1-fetoprotein is a marker of -
trisomy 21/18
plasma protein:
in amniotic fluid
increase in a1-fetoprotein is a marker of -
neural tube defect/spina bifida
plasma protein:
in adults a1-fetoprotein is a marker for (2)
hepatocellular carcinoma
testicular cancer/gonondal cancer
plasma protein:
binds free hgb
haptoglobin
determine the hemolysis
decreased: haptoglobin
decreased: hemopexin
intravascular hemolysis
what kind of poikilocyte is seen in cases of intravascular hemolysis
schistocytes
determine what kind of hemolysis
normal: haptoglobin
decreased: hemopexin
extravascular hemolysis
what kind of poikilocyte is seen in extravascular hemolysis
spherocytes
plasma protein:
transports coppers
ceruloplasmin
a disease that is associated with
cerulosplamin deficiency
decreased in production
wilson’s disease
a disease that is associated with
copper deficiency
decrease in absorption
menke’s disease
determine the disease
serum ceruloplasmin: decreased
serum copper: decreased
copper deposits: present
wilson’s disease
determine the disease
serum ceruloplasmin: decreased
serum copper: decreased
copper deposits: absent
menke’s disease
a disease that causes kayser flescher rings
wilson’s disease
a disease that has an appearance of kinky hair
menke’s disease
plasma protein:
largest non-immunoglobulin protein
a2-macroglobulin
plasma protein:
increases 10x in nephrotic syndrome
a2-macroglobulin
plasma protein:
also known as siderophilin
transports iron
transferrin
plasma protein:
negative acute phase reactants (3)
prealbumin
albumin
transferrin
plasma protein:
binds heme
decreased in both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis
hemopexin
plasma protein:
essential in immune response, what is the most abundant
complement, C3
plasma protein:
precursor of fibrin clot
seen in plasma not in serum
causes band
fibrinogen
plasma protein:
major acute phase reactant
functions as opsonin in
associated with increase risk in CAD
c-reactive-protein
plasma protein:
sensitive but non specific
increases 1000x in cases of inflammation/injury
c-reactive protein
plasma protein:
produced by the plasma cells
protects from antigens
immunoglobulins/ antibodies
most abundant immunoglobulin
igG
most largest immunoglobulin
igM
old name of immunoglobulins
gammaglobulins
plasma proteins are synthesized in
liver
made up of amino acids linked through peptide bonds
proteins
proteins in presence of ammonia causes degradation converting to - which is excreted in urine
urea
these are released at site of injury that causes liver to increase acute phase reactants
cytokines
can predict the risk of premature birth
fibronectin
protein determination method:
routine method requires 2 peptide bonds and alkaline medium
purple colored complex measured at 540nm
biuret method
protein determination method:
classic method
reference method
kjeldahl method
protein determination method:
involves digestion of protein and measurement of its nitrogen content
kjeldahl method
protein determination method:
utilized UV method
direct optical method
protein determination method:
direct optimal methods
210nm: -
peptide bonds
protein determination method:
direct optimal method
280nm: -
amino acids: TRYYPTOPHAN
protein determination method:
for albumin determination
dye-binding technique
protein determination for albumin
bromcresol -: common
bromcresol green
protein determination for albumin
bromcresol -: most specific, sensitive and precise
bromcresol purple
serum protein electrophoresis:
a1: increased
a2: increased
b: increased
acute inflammation
immediate response
serum protein electrophoresis:
y: increased
chronic inflammation
delayed response
serum protein electrophoresis:
a1 flat curve
pulmonary emphysema
juvenile cirrhosis
serum protein electrophoresis:
b-y bridging
hepatic cirrhosis
serum protein electrophoresis:
increased production of fast migrating immunoglobulin
hepatic cirrhosis
serum protein electrophoresis:
a2 strike
nephrotic syndrome
serum protein electrophoresis:
a2, b: increased
nephrotic syndrome
serum protein electrophoresis:
monoclonal gammopathy
gamma spike
multiple myeloma
serum protein electrophoresis:
gamma spike in IgM
waldenstrom macroglubulinemia
in presence of gamma spike in serum electoprhoresis it should be followed by?
immunofixation electrophoresis
presence of a narrow band in the beta region may be due to the presence of
fibrinogen
fibrinogen may cause a narrow band in what region
beta
this may cause blip pattern in late a2 or early b region due to presence of free hgb
hemolysis
hemolysis may cause blip in what region of serum electrophoresis
late a2
early b
small blip in a2 region may be due to
hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex
hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes may cause a blip at what region
a2
used to detect oligoclonal bands that are found in the gamma region
CSF electrophoresis
Urine electrophoresis:
albumin: strong
glomerular proteinuria
urine electrophoresis:
a1,a2,b: strong
tubular proteinuria
urine electrophoresis:
monoclonal light chains
overflow proteinuria
presence of monoclonal light chains in urine electrophoresis could mean overflow proteinuria what proteins are present
bence jones proteins
