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Plasma membrane Flashcards

1
Q

P M is also known as

A

Plasmalemma/ cell membrane / biological membrane

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2
Q

PM is which layer

A

Think, elastic, universal layer as well

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3
Q

Living or dead??

A

Living

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4
Q

Selectively permeable or freely permeable

A

Selectively permeable

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5
Q

What kind of symmetry does P M have?

A

Asymmetrical

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6
Q

Why does PM has asymmetrical symmetry?

A

Due to lipids associated with the membrane which are asymmetric because of their polar and non polar ends.

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7
Q

Plasma membrane is amphipathic in nature. What does amphipathic mean?

A

It means that it has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic end.

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8
Q

PM is which fluid in nature?

A

Quasi fluid.

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9
Q

Plasma membrane was first observed by

A

Schwann

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10
Q

PM was the name given by

A

Nageli and Cramer

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11
Q

Plasmalemma was the term given by

A

Plowe

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12
Q

Normal cell has lipids percentage

A

40%

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13
Q

Normal cell has proteins percentage

A

58-59%

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14
Q

Normal cell has carbohydrates percentage

A

1-2%

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15
Q

What is the one specific feature of human RBCs PM?

A

It is used for detailed study of PM using electron microscope.

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16
Q

Lipid percentage in RBCs?

A

40%

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17
Q

Protein percentage in RBCs?

A

52%

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18
Q

Name the three models for the study of PM

A

Danielle Davson Model (sandwich model)
Robertson Model (unit membrane model)
Fluid mosaic model (by Singer and Nicolson)

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19
Q

According to DD model PM consists of layers?

A

4 layers
2- of phospholipid
2- of globular protein

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20
Q

In DD model, what are held by electrostatic forces?

A

Proteins and head of phospholipid.

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21
Q

In DD model, phospholipid are held together by which forces?

A

Vanderwood forces

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22
Q

According to Robertson model, PM consists of how many layers?

A

3 layers
->a phospholipid bilayer
-> dense layer of protein present on both sides

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23
Q

PM is also called

A

Trilaminar

24
Q

Thickness of PM acc to Robertson model is about

25
All biomembranes are either ________
Made up of a unit membrane or their multiple
26
What is fluid mosaic model
In this, proteins are considered as icebergs floating in the sea of lipids. Proteins and phospholipids are arranged in mosaic pattern.
27
Types of protein on the basis of extraction
1. Extrinsic protein 2. Intrinsic protein
28
What are extrinsic proteins?
The ones that are present on the periphery and can get easily extracted. Eg:- Spectrin present on the periphery of PM.
29
What are intrinsic proteins?
The ones that are embedded within the PM and cannot be easily extracted. Eg:- Glycophorin is a protein responsible for transport of glucose across the membrane.
30
What are the types of intrinsic proteins?
Partially embedded proteins and fully embedded proteins
31
Describe partially embedded proteins.
Half embedded in the PM. They do not allow the movement of substances across the membrane.
32
Describe fully embedded proteins.
They are also known as transmembrane proteins. They allow the movement of substances across the membrane.
33
Types of transmembrane proteins?
1.Tunnel/channel proteins 2.Carrier proteins
34
What makes tunnel protein different from carrier proteins?
In tunnel proteins, pores are present, whereas in carrier proteins pores are absent.
35
All transmembrane proteins are intrinsic proteins but all intrinsic proteins are not transmembrane proteins. True/False
True
36
What are the types of proteins on the basis of function?
1. Structural protein 2. Carrier protein 3. Enzymatic protein
37
Which type of protein provides support to the plasma membrane?
Structural protein
38
Which type of protein helps in transport of substances across the membrane?
Carrier protein
39
Which type of protein helps in performing catalytic activity?
Enzymatic protein
40
In which forms are lipids present?
Phospholipid, Glycolipid, Sterol.
41
What does simple lipid consists of?
1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids
42
What does a phospholipid consists of?
1 Glycerol + 2 Fatty acids + 1 phosphate group
43
Why are lipids important?
Because they provide elasticity and flexibility Eg:- lecithin, cephalin, etc.
44
Name some membrane stabilizers?
1. Cholesterol - animal cells 2. Hopanoids - bacterial cells 3. Campesterol - plant cells 4. Ergasterol - fungi
45
Lipid shows what kind of movements?
1. Rotational 2. Flip flop 3. Lateral movement
46
Proteins show what kind of movements?
1. Rotational 2. Lateral movement Not flip flop because their molecular weight is very high.
47
Where are carbohydrates present?
On the outer side of PM
48
What is it called when carbohydrate attached with lipid?
The process is called glycosidation and it is called glycolipid.
49
What is it called when carbohydrate attached with protein?
The process is called glycosylation and it is called glycoprotein.
50
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
1. They help is cell to cell recognition Eg: male gamete recognises female gamete during syngamy. 2. They act as surface antigens.
51
What are the functions of PM?
1. They separate cell cytoplasm from external environment. 2. Fluidity in PM can perform: - Cell growth - Cell division - Cell expansion - Endocytosis - Exocytosis 3. Transport of molecules across PM (Major function)
52
Define Endocytosis and it's types.
Endocytosis - Movement of substances inside the cell. Types of Endocytosis:- 1. Phagocytosis - entry of food in solid form. ( Cell eating) 2. Pinocytosis - entry of food in liquid form. (Cell drinking)
53
What is cell vomiting?
Exocytosis or cell vomiting is movement of substances outside the cell.
54
What is passive transport?
1. Movement of substances from higher concentration to lower concentration. 2. It's takes place ALONG the concentration gradient. 3. No energy is required. 4. For neutral solutes- they easily cross the PM by simple diffusion. For charged molecules - they cross the PM through transmembrane proteins by facilitated diffusion. 5. It's a downhill movement.
55
What is active transport?
1. Movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration. 2. Movement takes place against the concentration gradient. 3. Energy is required in the form of ATP. 4. Proton pumps/ carrier proteins are required to move across the proteins. Eg:- Na-K pumps 5. Uphill movement.

Eukaryotes (7 decks)

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