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2016 - Biochem 2 > Plasma Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Plasma Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

Lipoprotein Lipase

A

Adipose Tissue & Striated Muscle
Interacts w/ Chylomicrons and VLDL
via apo C-II

TAG –> 3 fatty acids + Glycerol

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2
Q

Hepatic Lipase

A

Liver, plasma, and macrophages

TAG (or phospholipid) –> 2-monoacylglycerol + 2 free fatty acids

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3
Q

This protein, exclusive of its enzymic activity, also acts to bind lipoprotein particles, mediating their interactions with receptors suck as LDL receptor and SRB1.

A

Hepatic Lipase

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4
Q

Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT)

A

HDL: made in liver, activated by apo A1

lecithin + cholesterol –> lysolecithin + cholesterol ester

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5
Q

Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CETP)

A

shuttles various lipids b/w lipoproteins, resulting in the net transfer of cholesterol esters from atheroprotective, HDL to atherogenic LDL/VLDL.

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6
Q

Inhibition of CETP

A

raises HDL and may potentially be used to treat CVD

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7
Q

structure of CETP

A

long tunnel and four bound lipid molecules

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8
Q

ABCA1 transporter

A

macrophages (esp. foam cells), brain, liver, adrenal, etc.

cell membrane protein that mediates the transport of cholesterol, phospholipids, and other metabolite from cells to lipid-depleted HDL

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9
Q

essential for formation of HDL (rate limiting step)

A

ABCA1 (ATP Binding Cassette transporter)

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10
Q

HDP Major apolipoproteins

A

A-I and E

also A-II, C-1, C-II, C-III, D

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11
Q

Where is HDL synthesized? what does it contain?

A

synthesized in the liver

contains apoA-1, and A-II

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12
Q

Esterifies cholesterols of HDL

A

LCAT (Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase)

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13
Q

HDL acts as a reservoir for

A

apoC-II and E - it donates them to VLDL and chylomicrons as they are encountered in circulation

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14
Q

As HDL acquires more cholesterol esters…

A

transforms from HDL 3 to HDL 2, then interacts with a special receptor on the liver, SRB1 (scavenger receptor type B1

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15
Q

SRB1

A

facilitates the removal of the cholesterol esters and returns HDL to circulation

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16
Q

Apo E is recognized by ____

A

LDL receptor, so HDL may also be internalized via this route

17
Q

Why is HDL referred to as “good” cholesterol

A

it removes cholesterol from peripheral tissues and is associated with lowered risk of atherosclerosis

18
Q

carries exogenous lipids

A

chylomicrons

19
Q

low in protein, phospholipid, cholesterol
high in TGs
carries endogenous lipids

A

VLDL

20
Q

antiatherogenic effects of ___ are not only dependent on its concentration in circulating blood but also on its

A

HDL; biological ‘quality’

21
Q

Chylomicron characteristic apolipoproteins

A

B-48, C-II

22
Q

Chylomicrons

A

carry dietary fat (TAG’s and cholesterol) from the gut. They are synthesized in the intestinal mucosa and delivered via the thoracic duct into the venous circulation

23
Q

In capillaries of muscle and adipose, ___ recognizes the ____, and removes TAGs

A

LPL (lipoprotein lipase)

apoC-II

24
Q

depleted of TAGs and apoC-II, ____ are taken up by the liver where the remaining TAGs and cholesterol are incorporated into ____

A

remnant chylomicrons

VLDL

25
Q

this family of lipoproteins caries TAGs and cholesterol TO the peripheral tissues FROM the Liver

A

VLDL/IDL/LDL

26
Q

Lipoprotein(a)

A

Lp(a) is a variant of LDL with an additional protein, apo(a), linked by sulfhydryl bond to apoB-100

27
Q

Independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and consequent MI and CVA

A

Lipoprotein(a)

28
Q

VLDL Major Apolipoproteins

A

B-100, C-II, E

29
Q

IDL Major Apolipoproteins

A

B-100, C-II, E

30
Q

LDL Major Apolipoproteins

A

B-100

31
Q

apoA1

A

produced in the small intestines and liver

found in chylomicrons and HDL

32
Q

B-100

A

synthesized in the Liver

VLDL, IDL, LDL

33
Q

B48

A

synthesized in intestinal epithelium

chylomicrons

34
Q

C-II

A

activating cofactor for LPL

35
Q

C-III

A

inhibitor of LPL

36
Q

Apolipoprotein E

A

synthesized in the liver
blocked from interacting with hepatic receptors by the C apolipoprotien
Found on chylomicrons, VLDL and HDL
When present on IDL, poE enhances the interaction of ApoB-100 w/ hepatic LDL receptors

2016 - Biochem 2 (3 decks)

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