Plasma, Haematology and Blood Disorders Flashcards
What does blood consist of?
Plasma (55%) and cells (45%)
Describe the plasma in blood
Plasma is made up of water 90%, 8% proteins (albumin, globulins and fibrinogens) and 2% of other substances (nutrients, ions)
Describe the cellular component of blood
The cellular component in blood consists of;
RBC, white blood cells and platelets
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells
What are thombrocytes?
Platelets
What are the 3 functions of blood?
Transportation,
Regulation,
Protection
Describe how blood carries out transportation
Blood carries oxygen through the body. It also removes wastes products such as CO2 and can transport IgG
Describe how blood carries out regulation
Blood regulates pH, and body temp. It does this by controlling the speed of flow and distribution of blood to and away from tissues
Describe how blood carried out protection
Carriers immune cells, complement, antibodies (igG)
Prevents blood loss - platelets and clotting factors
White blood cells (leukocytes) for fighting infections
State some health state or diseases that can be found with blood parameters
Cardiovascular / liver function
Renal function
Prostate cancer
Cardiac markers
What do non-neoplasia disorders relate to?
Disorders of RBCs
What do neoplasia disorders relate to?
Relates to white blood cells
Describe anaemia
Anaemia is a non-neoplasia disorder. caused by blood loss, haemolytic or deficient production
Describe coagulation disorder
Relates to clotting and is a non-neoplasia disorder. A type of coagulation disorder is polycythaemia. This is where an over production of RBCs occur, resulting in an increase of blood viscosity.
Describe Lymphomas
Tumours of B or T cell origin which tend to remain in lymph nodes
Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Describe leukaemias
increased leukocyte count and cell retention in marrow caused by Malignancies of haematopoietic origin There are two types of leukaemias; acute and chronic
Describe transfusion of blood
Transfusion of blood and blood products occur due to blood loss (trauma or surgery). Blood transfusions also occur to correct a deficiency: platelets, coagulation factors, passive immunity
What must blood be screened for before transfusion?
Hep B and C,
HIV
Syphilis
When must Rhesus factor be matched?
We need to match blood for transfusion if recipient is Rh-, whereas an Rh+ recipient can receive Rh- or Rh+ blood.
Why are RBC con-caved?
To fit in small blood vessels,
To have a good gas to surface ratio for gas exchange
What is the lifespan of RBCs?
120 days
What happens to RBCs when they die?
they are broken down by macrophages in spleen and liver
