Plasma Enzymes Flashcards
Inherited abnormal variants of plasma cholinesterase with low biological activity
Decreased plasma cholinesterase
Hepatic disease
Decreased plasma cholinesterase synthesis
Ingestion of organophosphates or absorption via skin
Decreased cholinesterase activity (acts as irreversible inhibitor)
High levels of acetylcholine
Decreased plasma cholinesterase
Atropine sulfate
Decreased plasma cholinesterase (competitive antagonist)
Nephrotic syndrome
Increased plasma cholinesterase (excreted in urine)
Rapidly growing cells: liver recovery
Increased plasma cholinesterase
AST is normally high in what cells?
Cardiac and skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, erythrocytes
Artefactual (hemolysis) causes?
High AST
Myocardial infarction causes?
Very High AST
Circulatory failure causes?
Very High AST and Marked increases of ALT
Acute viral hepatitis causes?
Very High AST and Marked increases of ALT
Cells that have high concentrations of ALT?
Liver, skeletal muscle, kidney (lesser extent)
Liver cirrhosis causes?
Moderate increases of ALT
Cholestatic jaundice causes?
Moderate increases of ALT
Post cardiac surgery causes?
Moderate increases of ALT
Skeletal muscle disease causes?
Moderate increases of ALT
Pregnancy
Changes in ALP
Infancy and childhood causes?
Changes in ALP
High fat meals cause?
Changes in ALP
Diseases that affect the bile duct cause?
Changes in ALP
Bone diseases cause?
Changes in ALP
What cells acid acid phosphatase found in?
Prostate, liver, erythrocytes, platelets, bone
Which type of lactate dehydrogenase is indicative of myocardial infarction?
High LDH-1
Which type of lactate dehydrogenase is indicative of acute hepatitis?
High LDH-5
What cells is GGT normally found in?
Liver and bile duct, kidney, pancreas
Induced enzyme synthesis by detox of drugs and alcohol by the gamma-glutamyl cycle in liver causes?
Raised GGT
Anticonvulsants, phenobarbitone and alcohol increase or decrease GGT? Why?
Raised GGT.
They induce proliferation of endoplasic reticulum releasing GGT
Cholestatic liver disease causes?
Raised GGT
Hepatocellular damage causes?
Raised GGT
Explain what enzymes are involved in bile duct diseases and at what levels?
Elevated GGT and ALP
Explain what enzymes are involved in bone diseases and at what level?
Normal GGT and raised ALP
What enzyme/s are elevated in acute pancreatitis?
Amylase and lipase
