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Kaitie Tox Final (Plants Only) > PlantsPlantsPlantsUgh > Flashcards

PlantsPlantsPlantsUgh Flashcards

1
Q

Poisoning by ingestion of seleniferous plants can be seen in the following states EXCEPT:

a. SD
b. ND
c. WY
d. FL
e. MO

A

D. Florida

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT effective in the treatment of prevention of chronic selenium toxicosis?

A

intramuscular injection of BAL

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3
Q

Which metal toxicosis causes inhibition of the activity of several enzymes in heme synthesis?

A

Lead

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4
Q

The presence of an odor of rotten garlic in a fresh carcass is suggestive of acute toxicosis with?

A

Selenium

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5
Q

A dog showing GI signs followed by a phase of apparent recovery, which deteriorates into multiorgan failure is most likely poisoned with oral?

A

iron

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6
Q

The metal toxicosis LEAST likely to cause signs of gastroenteritis?

A

organic arsenic feed addititives

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7
Q

Lameness, hoof abnormalities, emaciation, and loss of hair in cattle MOST likely suggests toxicosis with

A

chronic selenium

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8
Q

A toxicant that causes elevated thiocyanate levels in urine is

A

cyanide

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9
Q

Soluble oxalate poisoning is often associated with which plants?

A

Halogeton

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10
Q

A selenium indicator plant which is grown widely in the west is?

A

Princes’s plume

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11
Q

Dogs poisoned by ingesting large amounts of chocolate will be expected to show which of the following clinical signs?

A

convulsions, tremors, tachycardia, and urination

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12
Q

Poisoning by which of the following plants may cause signs of vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency in monogastric animals?

A

horse tail

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13
Q

Which plant is very toxic because it has a phytotoxin?

A

castor bean (Ricinus communis)

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14
Q

This extremely toxic plant initially causes abdominal pain and vomiting in monogastric animals, followed by digitalis-like effects. This plant is known as?

A

oleander (Nerium oleander)

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15
Q

Which poisonous plant is most likely to produce a photodynamic substance that causes photosensitivity?

A

St. Johnswort

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16
Q

Ragwort or senecio (Senecio spp.) is a common plant in western Oregon and Washington that causes many losses in livestock, Mainly because it has this toxic principle.

A

pyrrolizidine alkaloids

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17
Q

Sudden onset of signs of hepatic insufficiency such as weight loss, icterus, incoordination, head pressing, aimless wandering, walking in circles, and other signs of mania, GI distress, tenesmus, are mainly signs due to ingestion of

A

Ragwort

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18
Q

The toxic principles of what plant act mainly by blocking nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction

A

larkspur

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19
Q

Which poisonous plant acts like a mechanism similar to vitamin D?

A

Day-blooming jessamine

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20
Q

The toxic principle in day-blooming jessamine is

A

vitamin D analog

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21
Q

A reddish-brown gas that produces bronchial constriction and pulmonary edema is

A

nitrogen dioxide

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22
Q

Cyanide and hydrogen sulfide both

A

cause sudden death mainly due to preventing tissue oxygen utilization

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23
Q

Which of the following statements concerning hydrogen sulfide and cyanide is true?

A

sodium nitrate is useful in their treatment

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24
Q

Which of the following is least effective in the treatment of poisoning by cyanogenic plants?

A

activated charcoal orally

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25
Q

What may be effective in the tx of poisoning by cyanogenic plants?

A

sodium nitrate IV, sodium thiosulfate IV, vinegar in cold water orally, activated charcoal orally, mineral oil orally

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26
Q

The plant part that accumulates the highest amount nitrate is the

A

stalk

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27
Q

a toxicant that causes very rapid death, has a characteristic odor, and causes bright red mucous membranes and cherry red blood

A

cyanide

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28
Q

Chronic poisoning with which of the following is most likely to cause abortion in cattle due to decrease in progesterone production?

A

nitrate

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29
Q

Late clinical signs of ethylene glycol poisoning are primarily related to

A

acute renal failure

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30
Q

acute renal failure as a result of ethylene glycol toxicosis usually occurs how long after ingestion in the dog?

A

24-72 hours

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31
Q

Atropine is useful in the tx of organophosphate toxicosis because it antagonized all of the following effects except:

A

muscle fasiculation

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32
Q

The first clinical signs in organophosphate poisoning are mainly due to

A

muscarinic stimulation

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33
Q

if the type of the anticoagulant rodenticide is unknown, duration of vitamin k1 treatment should be

A

3-4 weeks

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34
Q

signs of chronic cyanide poisoning in horses are mainly due to

A

neuronal degeneration of the spinal cord and brain

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35
Q

The plant that common causes cyanide poisoning is

A

wild cherry

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36
Q

caladium is a common type of house plant. what is the primary toxic principle?

A

insoluble calcium oxalate

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37
Q

which of the following metals is most likely to cross the BBB?

A

lead

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38
Q

poisoning by which of the following toxicants is least likely to cause convulsive seizures in cattle?

A

chronic selenium

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39
Q

chronic selenium in horses mainly causes

A

hoof abnormalities and loss of hair

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40
Q

lameness, hoof abnormalities, emaciation, and loss of hair in cattle most likely suggests toxicosis with

A

chronic selenium

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41
Q

A toxicant that most likely causes calcification of soft tissues is

A

cholecalciferol

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42
Q

what do you not use in the tx of organophosphate poisoning in dogs

A

acepromazine

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43
Q

The first clinical signs in organophosphate poisoning are mainly due to

A

muscarinic stimulation

44
Q

Administration of what drug will not increase warfarin toxicity?

A

phenobarbital

45
Q

What is the best sample for chem analysis to confirm a dx of cholecalciferol toxicosis?

A

serum

46
Q

cholecalciferol toxicosis is least likely to be associated with what (re: clinpath)

A

hypophosphatemia

47
Q

what is the best sample to submit to a tox lab to help confirm a dx of organophosphate in a live cow?

A

whole blood

48
Q

Vitamin D3 rodenticide toxicosis is associated with

A

hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

49
Q

poisoning due to plants containing soluble oxalates is most common in

A

ruminants

50
Q

methemoglobin forms when

A

nitrate reduces hemoglobin to the ferrous state

51
Q

the toxic principle in monkshood is

A

cardiotoxic alkaloid

52
Q

signs of thiamine deficiency in the horse including loss of condition, incoordination, horse declined to move, knuckling of the fetlocks, muscle twitches, and convulsions are cause by chronic ingestion of

A

bracken fern

53
Q

the primary effect of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is

A

hepatic damage

54
Q

what is the specific antidote for jimsonweed poisoning?

A

phyostigmine

55
Q

a dog suffering from cardiac arrhythmias due to chocolate poisoning should be treated with

A

propanolol

56
Q

which of the following poisonous plants is most likely associated which neurotoxicity and causes neuronal vaculation?

A

locoweed

57
Q

poisoning caused by ingestion of large amounts of rhubarb is most likely associated with

A

kidney damage

58
Q

an animal showing signs of diarrhea, dry mouth and mucous membranes, dilated pupils, and convulsions or coma is most likely poisoned with

A

jimsonweed

59
Q

pyrrolizidine alkaloids from rattlebox are most likely to precipitate toxicosis with

A

copper

60
Q

poisoning by ergot in cattle shows clinical signs generally similar to chronic toxicosis with

A

PCP

61
Q

what poisonous plant may cause clinical signs due to a mechanism similar to warfarin poisoning?

A

spoiled sweet clover

62
Q

which of the following is contraindicated in snake envenomation?

A

glucocorticoids

63
Q

what is not a clinical sign for toad toxins?

A

hemolysis

64
Q

what has similar signs to ergot?

A

selenium

65
Q

T or F. All rattlesnake bites are envenomous and require antivenom

A

FALSE

66
Q

T or F. comparing organophosphate and carbamate - both are reversible

A

FALSE

67
Q

Patient presents with severe GI signs and then later with cardiac issues. what plant poisoned it?

A

oleander

68
Q

you have a confirmed horsetail toxicity. What are you going to tx with?

A

Vitamin B1 aka thiamine

69
Q

what toxin is in azalea

A

grayanotoxins

70
Q

what plant is a known phytotoxin

A

castor bean

71
Q

what does day lily cause in cats

A

nephrotoxicity

72
Q

what causes enzootic bovine hematuria and urinary neoplasm

A

brackenfern

73
Q

what toxin would giving O2 be helpful in?

A

cyanide

74
Q

patient presents with dark brown mm. what is poisoning them?

A

nitrate

75
Q

least effective treatment for cyanogenic plants

A

activated charcoal orally

76
Q

toxicant that causes elevated levels of thiocyanate in urine

A

cyanide

77
Q

what is the test for cyanide poisoning?

A

picrate paper test

78
Q

how would you treat soluble oxalates?

A

calcium gluconate

79
Q

is marijuana super lethal

A

nah

80
Q

What is the toxin in oaks?

A

tannin

81
Q

what dried leaves are toxic to horses?

A

red maple

82
Q

Cocklebur

A

hepatotoxicity

83
Q

English Ivy

A

triterpenoid saponins

84
Q

arrowhead vine

A

insoluble oxalate

85
Q

After absorption and distribution, organophosphate pesticides have the highest concentration in the

A

skin, mucous membranes, GI tract, and inhalation

86
Q

What is an insecticide that is less toxic to young calves than adult cattle?

A

pyrethrin

87
Q

What are the longest-lasting insecticides in the environment?

A

chlorinated hydrocarbons

88
Q

what is the best sample to submit to a toxicology laboratory to help confirm a diagnosis of organophosphate in a live cow?

A

whole blood

89
Q

vitamin D3 rodenticide toxicosis is associated with

A

hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

90
Q

Carbamate and organophosphate pesticides can be activated by storage - True of False?

A

FALSE! carbamate cannot be activated by storage

91
Q

the first clinical signs in organophosphate poisoning are mainly due to

A

muscarinic stimulation

92
Q

to help confrim your dx of organophosphate poisoning ind dead angus steer, you should look for the parent compound in which specimen?

A

rumen content

93
Q

A dog showing signs of anorexia, vomiting blood, cardiac arrhythmias, polyuria and polydipsia is most likely intoxicated with

A

cholecalciferol

94
Q

cholecalciferol toxicosis is least likely to be associated with what clinicopathological change?

A

hypophosphatemia

95
Q

clinical signs of delayed organophosphate toxicosis are mainly due to

A

peripheral neurotoxicity

96
Q

what 3 things are you going to use in organophosphate toxicosis?

A

atropine, fluide tx, O2 tx

97
Q

What metal is least likely to cause hemolytic anemia

A

lead

98
Q

True or False - dipyridyl herbicides are plant hormones that change plant metabolism resulting in creasing toxicity of plants by improving plant palatability and increasing toxin content

A

FALSE

99
Q

chinese evergreen

A

insoluble calcium oxalate

100
Q

sago palm

A

neuro entero and hepatic toxicity/ cycasin toxin and is a glycoside

101
Q

what treatment do you use against organophosphate for muscle fasiculation?

A

2PAM

102
Q

Which plant toxicosis results in tenesmus?

A

scenetio

103
Q

what is least likely to cause seizure in cattle?

A

chronic selenium

104
Q

Rattlebox

A

pyrrolzindine alkaloid. Hepatotoxic!

105
Q

death due to cholinesterase inhibitors, how did you die?

A

respiratory failure (organophostphate and/or carbamates)

106
Q

Tell me about toad poisoning

A

rapid onset, salivation, neuro/cardio/brickred mm

107
Q

oleander is a what?

A

cardiac glycoside

Kaitie Tox Final (Plants Only) (1 decks)

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