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Science 8 > Plants Topic 1-3 > Flashcards

Plants Topic 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is fibre?

A

Tissues of plants from the stem, leaves, seeds, or roots

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2
Q

What do plants do?

A

Produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.

One hectare of trees can remove over 1 tonnes of C02 per year

Basis for most food chains

Provide shelter

Clean and Filter Water

Roots help keep soil in place

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3
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H20 ——————— 1C6 H12 06

sun’s energy sugar

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4
Q

What is the formula for respiration?

A

6C02 + C6 H12 06 —————— 6C02 + 6H20

Energy Out

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5
Q

How much of wold’s food supply is based off of the seven major crops?

A

75%

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6
Q

What are the seven major crops?

A
  1. Wheat
  2. Rice
  3. Maize
  4. Potatoes
  5. Barley
  6. Cassava
  7. Sorghum
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7
Q

What is a synthetic fibre, examples?

A

Manufactured fibre, ex. polyester and nylon

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8
Q

What are some examples of natural fibers?

A

Cotton, Hemp, and Flax

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9
Q

What sets cotton apart from various other synthetic fibers?

A

Cotton is able to absorb moisture

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10
Q

What is the world’s most important non-edible plant?

A

Cotton

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11
Q

What is the original material for blue jeans?

A

Hemp

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12
Q

What is the oldest cultivated fibre in the world?

A

Hemp

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13
Q

List four benefits of hemp.

A
  1. produced 4 times more fibre than the same amount of trees.
  2. Ready to harvest in one year.
  3. Hemp paper lasts long than wood fibre paper, and can be recycled up to seven times
  4. resistant to harsh climate , not eaten by pests
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14
Q

Why doesn’t hemp replace wood?

A

The price to replace machinery to produce hemp

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15
Q

Where is flax grown?

A

Northern Climates

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16
Q

True or False - Flax is 2-3 times stronger than cotton

A

True

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17
Q

What is flax used to make?

A
  1. Linen Paper
  2. Paints and Varnish ( from lineseed oil )
  3. Flaxseed
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18
Q

How many medications are derived from plants?

A

over 7000

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19
Q

What types of medications are plants used for?

A

Heart drugs, cancer medications, antibiotics, and pain medications.

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20
Q

What are five examples of medications derived from plants?

A
  1. Aspirin
  2. Opium
  3. Morphine
  4. Codeine
  5. Quinine
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21
Q

What plant is used to make aspirin?

A

Bark of a white willow tree

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22
Q

What is the most powerful pain medication?

A

Morphine

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23
Q

What plant is used to make morphine? What part of the plant specifically?

A

The milky fluid in the poppy’s seed pod, stem, and leaves.

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24
Q

What other medication besides morphine is found in the poppy?

A

Codeine

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25
Q

Where does the Quinine medication come from?

A

The cinchona tree that grows in the humid forests of the South American Andes

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26
Q

What is the Quinine medication used for?

A

Malaria - a deadly diseased carried by certain tropical mosquitoes

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27
Q

What is one of the most important plant products we use today?

A

Rubber

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28
Q

How did rubber change out world drastically?

A

When people figured how to turn liquid rubber ( latex ) to a hard, yet flexible material.

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29
Q

Where does natural rubber come from?

A

the Brazilian Rubber Tree

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30
Q

What material do most of our vehicle tires use today?

A

Synthetic rubber - made from coal and oil based products

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31
Q

Besides transportation on roads, what other types of transportation has plants affected?

A

Transportation on water

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32
Q

What is a object that is used to transport things on water?

A

Canoe

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33
Q

What are canoe made out of?

A

Hollowed out red cedar or birch bark

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34
Q

What other products are derived from plants - specifically machinery parts of planes, trains, and automobiles

A

Lubricants

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35
Q

What type of liquid fuel can sugar from plants be turn into?

A

Ethanol

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36
Q

What is fuel made from wood?

A

Methanol

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37
Q

What allows plants to live in various conditions?

A

Special structures and adaptations

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38
Q

What are stomas?

A

tiny holes in the bottom of the leaf ( located under the leaf )?

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39
Q

Why are stomas located under the leaf?

A

For shade and water dioxide

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40
Q

What are guard cells?

A

Protective cells around the stoma that keep the nutrients inside?

41
Q

What are 3 important functions that roots perform?

A
  1. absorb water and minerals from the soil
  2. support and anchor the plan so that it is not blown over by wind or washed away by water
  3. Store food to help the plant survive during times of scarcity.
42
Q

What is a taproot?

A

A straight tapering root growing vertically downward and forming the center from which subsidiary rootlets spring.

43
Q

What are smaller roots covered in?

A

Tiny root hairs

44
Q

What function do smaller roots and root hairs obtain?

A

Can increase the ability to absorb water and nutrients

45
Q

How long are the taproots of a moss campion?

A

2 metres

46
Q

What are fibrous roots?

A

a system of shallow, similar sized roots that can quickly soak up moisture?

47
Q

What is a plant that has floating roots?

A

Duckweed

48
Q

What are 6 root crops?

A
  1. Carrots
  2. Beets
  3. Turnips
  4. Radishes
  5. Parsnips
  6. Rutabagas
49
Q

What is one function of the stem of a plant?

A

To transport water and nutrients between the leaves and the roots

50
Q

What are the 5 parts of a tree trunk?

A
  1. Heartwood
  2. Xylem
  3. Cambium
  4. Phloem
  5. Bark
51
Q

What is the heartwood?

A

dead wood in the middle of tree trunk

52
Q

What is xylem?

A

Part of tree trunk that carries things upward

53
Q

What is the cambium?

A

Growing part of the tree trunk

54
Q

What is the phloem?

A

Part of tree trunk that carries things down from the leaves

55
Q

What is the bark?

A

Woody skin that protects the tree

56
Q

What pigment makes leaves green?

A

Chlorophyll

57
Q

What is the energy storing chemical in a plant?

A

Sugar

58
Q

How does carbon dioxide enter a plant?

A

Through tiny holes known as the stoma

59
Q

Since stomas are on the bottom the leaf, what part of the leaf does it allow carbon dioxide easy access to?

A

The spongy layer of the leaf

60
Q

What do guard cells surround and control?

A

Guard cells surround each stoma and control the size of the stoma

61
Q

What happens when plants respirate?

A

At night when photosynthesis does not occur, plants release carbon dioxide and let oxygen into their cells.

62
Q

What is respiration?

A

a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

63
Q

What occurs when guard cells absorb water?

A

They swell and the stoma opens to let water vapor out

64
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Loss of water by evaporation

65
Q

Label Plant Cross Section Diagram

A

-SEE IMAGE ON DESKTOP-

66
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Tendency of particles in a gas or liquid to become evenly distributed by moving from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration

67
Q

What is an example of diffusion?

A

When perfume is sprayed in a room, the scent diffuses throughout quite quickly

68
Q

What does it mean when a cell is permeable?

A

They only let certain materials pass in and out of the cell

69
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane

70
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

waxy layer on the upper epidermis to reduce water loss

71
Q

What is the palisade cell layer?

A

layer without chloroplasts beneath the upper epidermis

72
Q

What is the upper and lower epidermis?

A

protective layers on the upper and lower sides of the leaf

73
Q

What are 5 factors that affect transpiration?

A
  1. temperature
  2. light intensity
  3. light duration
  4. wind speed
  5. relative humidity
74
Q

What is the function of vessels in the stem of a plant?

A

to transport sap and water throughout the plant.

75
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

People have chosen specific plants with particular charascterics and encouraged these plants to reprouduce

76
Q

What is an example of selective breeding in Canada?

A

Canadian researchers were responsible for developing canola (Canadian + oil). The original plant was rapeseed, but they selectively bred rapeseed plants that produced a good-tasting oil

77
Q

What have companies continue to explore in relation to breeding crops?

A

Work continues with breeding to produce crops that are resistant to disease, drought, and even chemicals.

78
Q

What is the process of genetic modification?

A

take genes and combine them with genetic material from other plants. This is put back into the plant and is used to create a new plant.

79
Q

What is vegetative or asexual reproduction?

A

occurs when a “parent” plant grows new plants from its roots, stems or leaves.

80
Q

What is grafting?

A

Grafting is when you take a branch from one tree and attach it to another, where it will grow and thrive

81
Q

What is layering?

A

Layering is when a branch from a plant is bent down to the ground and covered with soil. Roots will grow from the buried stem and eventually a new plant will grow.

82
Q

What is cuttings?

A

Small sections of leaf and cut from a parent plant to grow new plants

83
Q

What do female cones contain?

A

Ovules (eggs)

84
Q

What do male cones contain?

A

Pollen grains with sperm

85
Q

How are pollen grains transported to female cones?

A

Wind, however almost never reaches them

86
Q

By chance pollen grains reaches the female cones what happens now? What is the process called?

A

The eggs are fertilized and tiny seed begins to grow, this process is called pollination?

87
Q

After pollination what occurs now?

A

Female cones then release their seeds which will get carried elsewhere, buried, and grow a new tree

88
Q

Why are flowers typically bright colored?

A

To attract insects and other animals who will help pollinate the plant whole feeding on the plant’s nectar

89
Q

What may flowers have strong scents?

A

To guide insects and animals at night

90
Q

What happens if flowers aren’t as “showy”

A

The often depend on the wind to spread their pollen instead

91
Q

What are the three ways in which pollination can occur?

A
  1. Self Pollination
  2. In Cross Pollination
  3. Artificial Pollination
92
Q

What is self pollination?

A

The sperm fertilized egg in the same plant?

93
Q

What is an example of a plant that self pollinates?

A

Barley

94
Q

What is in-cross pollination?

A

The eggs of one plant are fertilized by the sperm from another plant

95
Q

What is artificial pollination?

A

Where humans are breeding specific plants together for their traits - selective breeding

96
Q

What is germination?

A

the development of the seed into a new plant

97
Q

What happens after a seed has been disperses and reaches the ground?

A

It will remain inactive until the growing conditions are right.

98
Q

LABEL PARTS OF A FLOWER

A

-Refer to photo on desktop-

99
Q

Why is the stigma higher than the anther?

A

The anthers and stigma occur at different heights to prevent self fertilization and to encourage cross fertilization

Science 8 (1 decks)

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