Plants: Growth, Mono vs Dicots, Angio vs Gymno

Question 1

What is primary growth?

Answer 1

Involves the apical meristem dividing rapidly into the plant’s shoots and roots. Upward growth. These cells also differentiate into the various types (vascular, epidermal, parenchyma)

Question 2

What is secondary growth?

Answer 2

Involves the lateral meristem.
Two types:

Vascular cambium divides into xylem and phloem, widens stem

Cork cambium divides into cork (prevents water loss from the stem)

Question 3

What is the difference between monocots and dicots in terms of root structure?

Answer 3

Monocots: fibrous system
Dicots: taproot system

Question 4

What is the difference between monocots and dicots in terms of wood presence?

Answer 4

Monocots: Only herbaceous
Dicots: herbaceous and woody

Question 5

What is the difference between monocots and dicots in terms of vascular system?

Answer 5

Monocots: Vascular tissue scattered throughout the stem, no particular arrangement

Dicots: vascular tissue forms a ring

Question 6

What is the difference between monocots and dicots in terms of secondary growth presence?

Answer 6

Monocots: absent

Dicots: often present

Question 7

What is the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms in terms of cotyledons?

Answer 7

Angio: One (monocot) or two (dicot)

Gymno: No cotyledons

Question 8

What is the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms in terms of seeds?

Answer 8

Angio: Seeds enclosed in ovary, usually a fruit.

Gymno: Seeds are bare, found on leaves, scales, or as cones.

Question 9

What is the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms in terms of life cycle?

Answer 9

Angio: Seasonal (die during fall)

Gymno: Evergreen

Question 10

What is the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms in terms of chromosome amount?

Answer 10

Angio: Triploid (3n)

Gymno: Haploid (n)

Question 11

What is the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms in terms of leaf shape?

Answer 11

Angio: Flat

Gymno: scale-like, needle-like