Plants form and function Flashcards
4 plants classification
- Based on their water requirements
- Based on the ecosystem they inhabit
- Based on life span
- Based on gross morphology
These plants requires moderate amount of water
They are Neither adapted to particularly dry nor particularly wet environment
Mesophytes
These plants can survive in extremely dry places like in desert regions.
species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert or an ice- or snow-covered region in the Alps or the Arctic.
Xerophytes
Plants that can survive in moist places.
have adapted to living in aquatic environments.
Hydrophytes
What is the other term for hydrophytes?
Macrophytes
Plants that can survive in aquatic environments with high salt content.
salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity,
Halophytes
plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments.
Aquatic plants
a plant that grows in or near water and is either emergent, submergent, or floating.
Macrophytes
a plant that grows on, in, or from land.
grow in non-aquatic habitats, including agricultural fields, rangelands, forests, urban landscapes, wildlands, and along waterways.
Terrestrial Plants
plants that do not have underground root systems; instead, they are located in areas above the ground.
They live above the ground and attach themselves to other plant species.
Aerial Plants
Plants that live only for about a year.
Plants complete their life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then die.
Annual Plants
Plants that live for about 2 years.
flowering plant that takes two years to complete its biological life cycle.
Biennial Plants
Plants that can live for many years.
The term is also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth from trees and shrubs,
Perennial Plants
Plants that have a single woody stem and grow about 20 ft.
a woody perennial plant, typically having a single stem or trunk growing to a considerable height and bearing lateral branches at some distance from the ground.
Trees
generally viewed as a woody plant that presents several perennial stems and does not eclipse 13 feet in height, with stems that are not greater than three inches in diameter.
Shrubs
Other term for shrubs
Bush
plants with fragrant or aromatic properties.
can be used to flavor food, included in fragrances, and even a part of natural medicines.
Herbs
plants whose stems require support either climbs up a tree or other structure, or it sprawls over the ground.
Vines
What do vines use as support to “climb”
Tendrils
plants with long, flexible, climbing stems that are rooted in the ground, and usually have long dangling branches.
Lianas
Part of plants that absorbs water and dissolved inorganic nutrients
Serves as the plant’s anchor and help prevent soil erosion
Roots
what are the 3 types of root system
- Tap roots
- Fibrous roots
- Adventitious roots
consists of one main root which becomes bigger and wider in diameter.
Tap root
consists of many roots that are about the same size with small lateral roots.
Fibrous root
Give the 4 parts of roots
- Root cap
- Mesenteric
- Cell elongation region
- Maturation region
This is where the mitosis takes place in a root
mesenteric
Where cells perform their specific roles.
Region of maturation
Plant structure which grows above the ground that supports the leaves and branches.
Grows buds and produces new tissues.
Stem
Different parts of stem
- Nodes
- Internodes
- Lenticels
- Buds
portion of or points on the stem where leaves and flower buds grow.
Nodes
tiny pores for gas exchange.
Lenticels
Plants used this structure to carry out photosynthesis
Leaves
give the 3 parts of leaf anatomy
- Epidermis
- Mesophyll
- Vascular bundle
These two are important for transportation of minerals
kasama sa quiz #2 lol
Tissue vessels
tracheids
What stage does the endosperm develop?
Heart stage
refers to the strength of a solution in relation to osmosis.
Tocinity
The difference of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic
ISOTONIC
- equal and solution at solute
HYPOTONIC
- Lower amount ang solute
-cell expand
HYPERTONIC
- Higher amount and solute
- cell shrink
The main differences between xylem and phloem
XYLEM
- One way only (Upward)\
- Water and minerals
PHLOEM
- Two way (upward and downward)
- Water and food
referred to as monocots
are grass and grass-like flowering plants, the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon
Monocotyledon
known as dicots
are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided.
seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
Dicotyledon
Roots of dicot and monocot
Dicot
- Tap root
Monocot
- Fibrous root
Leaves of dicot and monocot
Dicot
- Branched
Monocot
- Parallel
Stem arrangement of dicot and monocot
Dicot
- Arranged in a ring
Monocot
- scattered throughout stem
Flowers of dicot and monocot
Dicot
- multiples of 4/5
Monocot
- multiples of 3
What are the macro nutrient for plants
N - Nitrogen
P - Phosphorus
K - Potassium
What are the micronutients for plants
B- Boron
Z - Zinc
M - Magnesium
I - Iron
C - Copper
M - Molybdenum
C - Chlorine
growing plants in an aqueous solution wherein nutrients, pH and temperature are controlled.
Hydroponics
a plant-cultivation technique in which the roots hang suspended in the air while nutrient solution is delivered to them in the form of a fine mist.
Aquaponics
tell what does lack in every condition
1, Plant have stunted growth and older leaves are yellow
- Plant become yellow
- Older leaves are yellow but stem are green
- veins are purple
- Nitrogen deficiency
- Magnesium deficiency
- Potassium deficiency
- Phosphorus deficiency
What are the five plant hormones
- Auxin
- Gibberellin
- Cytokinin
- Ethyl
- Abscisic acid
This hormone allows plant to bend towards the light
Auxin
This hormone counters senescence
Cytokinin
This hormone signals dehydration
Abscisic acid
This hormone ripens fruits
ethyl
This hormone is Required for plant to germinate, Promote elongation of internode
Gibberellin
involves the fusion of gametes (organism’s reproductive cells).
Sexual reproduction
act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.
Pollination
Involves different methods of producing offspring from a parent plant, all of which do not involve gametes or sex cells.
Asexual reproduction
methods of asexual reproduction that include strategies that plants have developed to self-propagate.
Involves the use of non-reproductive plant parts, such as leaves and modified stems (e.g., tuber, rhizome, stolon, and corm)
Natural vegetative reproduction
Give the 6 natural vegetative propagation
- Leaves propagation
- Bulb propagation
- Tubers propagation
- Rhizomes propagation
- stolons/runners propagation
- Corm Propagation
Methods of combining the scion, the stem of a plant, and the rootstock, or the roots of another plant.
Grafting and budding
Refers to the propagation of tiny fragments of plants through plant hormone treatment in a sterile growth medium.
Tissue culture and micropropagation
Give the 3 artificial vegatative propagation
- Stem cutting
- Grafting/budding
- Tissue culture and micropropagation
the part of a stamen that produces and contains pollen and is usually borne on a stalk.
Anther
- give the female part of a flower
- male part of a flower
- Pistil
- Stamen
The reproductive organ of angiosperm or flowering plants
Flower
