Plants Ch.28 for Exam 4

Question 1

How are plants photoautotrophs?

Answer 1

Gets carbon from atmospheric CO2 and energy from the sum. Plants get nutrients from soil. Plants respire (use sugar), but fix more carbon that they use.

Question 2

What are plant characteristics?

Answer 2

Multicellular, eukaryotic, cellulose cell walls, chloroplasts, phragmoplasts, plasmodesmata, apical meristems both above and below ground.

Question 3

What plant relatives include brown, red, and green algae?

Answer 3

Charophaceans are the closets protist relatives. Plants are thought to be monophyletic, that is, have a single common ancestor.

Question 4

What are the advantages for colonizing land?

Answer 4

Sunlight (not filtered by water) abundant CO2 (not dissolved in water), mineral from soil, few pathogens at first.

Question 5

What are disadvantages for colonizing land?

Answer 5

Desiccation (cuticle, stomata), support for body (lignin), areal parts separated from soil, reproduction tied water (at least at first)

Question 6

What are the characteristics of Alternation of Generation (AoG)?

Answer 6

Multicellular sporophyte (2N) produces spores (N) by meiosis. Spres grow into multicellular gametophyte (N)

Question 7

What are the characteristics of Alternation of Generation (AoG)? pt2

Answer 7

Multicellular gametophyte (N) produces gametes (N) by meiosis Gametes fuse and grow into multicellular sporophyte (2N)

Question 8

Explain the trends of plant form through evolution

Answer 8

Smaller gametophytes, more dependent on sporophytes (which are larger), water-facilitated fertilization phases out. Humans have practiced artificial selection on agricultural species.

Question 9

List advantages for AoG

Answer 9

Spores are genetically variable and disperse widely. Promotes outcrossing (plants can’t move, but gametes & spores can)

Question 10

Difference between homosporous vs. heterosporous

Question 11

Characteristics of bryophytes

Answer 11

Seedless, non-vascular, gametophyte dominant, requires water for fertilization, antheridia & archegonia, live in moist environments, tolerates desiccation, an important carbon sink

Question 12

List characteristics of ferns & allies

Answer 12

Seedless, vascular, dominant sporophyte, vascular tissue/lignin, true roots, etc, branching, stomata, cuticle, water facilitated fertilization.
Both sporophyte & gametophyte-independent, antheridiogen, lycophyte, and pterpphyta, spores are not seeds

Question 13

Recognize characteristics of plants

Answer 13

Heterosporous gametophytes tiny & dependent, ovoles, pollen (tube nucleus, second sperm), no water facilitated pollination